Intro to statistics and research Flashcards
Measures of Central Tendency
A single score to describe the center of distribution in a set of values in data
*Mean
*Median
Mode
The “Mean”
Average score/value of data
Problem with “mean”
The main problem associated with the mean value is that it is sensitive to OUTLIERS
Median
The median is simply the middle value among a set of values
More useful than the mean.
*50% of values above, 50% of values below
Percentiles
If we know the median, then we can go up or down and RANK THE DATA as being above or below certain thresholds.
The Range
The range gives us the value between the minimum and maximum values of a variable.
The Mode
The most frequent response or value for a variable.
Multiple modes are possible: bimodal or multimodal
Standard Deviation
Common method used to describe the variability in a set of numbers.
Measures of Distribution
Range
*Standard Deviation
SnNout:
A test with a high sensitivity value (Sn) that, when negative (N), helps to rule out a disease (out).
SpPin
A test with a high specificity value (Sp) that, when positive (P) helps to rule in a disease (in).
Validity
The degree in which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
Reliability:
The degree in which you would get the same results with repeated measurements
Internal Validity
About the conditions surrounding the gathering of data
External Validity
Are the results unique just to the participants in the studied group, or could they apply to other groups?
Extent results can be generalized across populations
