intro to SPSS Flashcards
how do you use SPSS to perform a correlation test?
1) have 1 column for each variable (2)
2) analyse
3) correlate
4) bivariate
5) click both variables and press arrow to get into the right hand column
6) choose whether spearman’s or pearsons
7) choose whether one or 2 tailed
8) look at r value and corresponding p value (where it says sig. 2 tailed)
9) if p value less than 0.05 then significant
how do you change the headings of the variables?
click variable view and then change the headings
how to do a scatterplot graph?
click graphs legacy dialog scatter plot simple scatter choose x and y axis
how to perform a related t-test?
1) have a column for each variable and a row for each participant
2) analyse
3) compare means
4) paired-samples t-test
5) click 1st variable and arrow to put in ‘variable 1’
6) click 2nd variable and arrow to put in ‘variable 2’
7) find t value and p value
8) if p value is less than 0.05 then significant
how to perform an unrelated t-test?
1) label first column as ‘name of variable 1_ name of variable 2’
2) label second column as the DV
3) give score of 1 to 1st condition and score of 2 to 2nd condition in 1st column
4) analyse
5) compare means
6) independent samples t-test
7) put DV in ‘test variable’ box
8) put IV in ‘grouping variable’
9) click ‘define groups’
10) group 1 put ‘1’ (as they have a score of 1) and group 2 put in ‘2’
11) look at ‘equal variances assumed’
12) look at sig. to see if p value less than 0.05
how to perform an analysis of variance test? (ANOVA)
1) label first column as the IV condition and assign a score to each group (can handle more than 2 groups)
2) label second column as DV
3) analyse
4) general linear model
5) univariate
6) put DV in ‘dependent variable’
7) put IV in ‘fixed factor’
8) see if p value is less than 0.05
how to calculate and compare the means of data sets?
analyse
compare means
means
put in IV and DV
what to say when interpreting significance with ANOVA?
if significant, say singificant but unspecified as unable to single out a group due to multiple groups
how do you plot ANOVA data?
analyse general linear model univariate plots put IV in horizontal axis click OK
how come an ANOVA test can be used instead of a t-test?
as F=t^2
how to perform a simple contrast?
e.g to compare means of the 2nd and 3rd groups out of 4
type into syntax: /contrast(IV column name) = special(0,-1,1,0)
analyse
general linear model
univariate
paste
add in line above into first row of code under UNIANOVA
green arrow
interpret results (if significant then can use means and plots to determine direction of singificance)
how to compare 2 groups to another group in an ANOVA test?
do the same format as a simple contrast
for the groups that you want to group together put as the same minus number e.g -1
for the group you want to compare them to, do a posiitve number which sums with the minus numbers to make 0 e.g 2
what happens if multiple contrasts are performed on information which isn’t independent?
contrasts will reveal greater differences between conditions than you actually have
e.g A vs C then A&B vs C as comparing A &C both times
what are Orthogonal contrast sets?
ones which are independent of each other
how to test if contrasts are independent?
if the slot-by-slot inner product calculation comes to 0
so times 1st slot value by 1st slot value in other contrast and do the same to all others then sum together (should = 0 if independent)
