Intro to Spine

Question 1

what are the advantages to the curves of the spine?

Answer 1

resists compressive loads

10 fold increase resistance

Question 2

what is the function of the vertebral body?

Answer 2

weight bearing

resists compressive loads

Question 3

what does the neural arch contain? (in general)

Answer 3

posterior elements and pedicles

Question 4

what protects the spinal chord?

Answer 4

laminae

Question 5

how many articular processes are there per vertebra?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

which structures increase the lever arm?

Answer 6

transverse and spinous processes

Question 7

what is the function of the pedicles?

Answer 7

transmits bending forces

increases in size from C spine to L spine

Question 8

which cartilage is closest to the vertebral body?

Answer 8

hyaline

Question 9

the nucleus pulposus is made up of what mostly?

Answer 9

70-90% water,

Question 10

which collagen type is nucleus pulposus?

Answer 10

type II collagen

Question 11

nucleus puplosus resists _____ but deforms and the walls stretch.

Answer 11

compression

Question 12

annulus resists which type of force?

Answer 12

tensile force

Question 13

what allows for greater movement in C spine than L spine?

Answer 13

greater ratio of IV disk/vertebral body

Question 14

disk thickness of C spine

Answer 14

3 mm

Question 15

disk thickness of L spine

Answer 15

9 mm

Question 16

the IV disk receives nutrition via…

Answer 16

fusion

Question 17

which part of the IV disk is innervated?

Answer 17

annulus fibrosis

Question 18

which articulation contains meniscus?

Answer 18

zygapophyseal articulation

Question 19

what do the cervical facet joints limit?

Answer 19

limits rotation and side bending

Question 20

what do the lumbar facet joints limit?

Answer 20

limits rotation and lateral flexion

Question 21

which facet joints are the strongest?

Answer 21

thoracic

Question 22

what is the coupled motion for flexion?

Answer 22

anterior glide and tilt

Question 23

what is the coupled motion for lateral flexion?

Answer 23

lateral translation, tilt, rotation

Question 24

which part of IV disc limits rotation?

Answer 24

annulus

Question 25

how much compression do the facet joints get?

Answer 25

0-33%

Question 26

when is the fluid within the nucleus pulposus released?

Answer 26

during compression

Question 27

function of the IV disc.

Answer 27

increases motion

transmits load

Question 28

what does the IV disc contain?

Answer 28

nucleus, annulus, vertebral end plate

Question 29

what type of cartilage is closest to the vertebral body?

Answer 29

hyaline

Question 30

when you sit flexed for long periods of time, which direction does the IV disc protrude?

Answer 30

posteriorly

Question 31

annulus attaches to end plates via ________

Answer 31

sharpey fibers

Question 32

how can you herniate your disk?

Answer 32

flex forward and rotate

Question 33

during lateral flexion, the annulus is compressed on which side?

Answer 33

concave

Question 34

how is fluid absorbed in the nucleus? (compression or distraction)

Answer 34

distraction