Intro to skin and integuement Flashcards

1
Q

What is Integument?

A

The enveloping membrane of the body including all derivatives of the epidermis

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2
Q

What is the approximate surface area of the skin (adult)?

A

1.5-2m2

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3
Q

What are the three key layers of skin? (outer layer first)

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis- subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

Which layer of the skin is avascular?

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom (included in thick skin)

A

Stratum lucidum — (thick skin only

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Basement membrane
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6
Q

What cells does the Stratum basale contain?

A

columnar keratinocytes

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7
Q

What cells does the Stratum spinosum contain?

A

polyhedral keratinocytes

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8
Q

What cells does the Stratum granulosum contain?

A

3-5 layers flattened keratinocytes

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9
Q

What cells does the Stratum corneum contain?

A

corneocytes 20-30 cells thick

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10
Q

What cells does the Stratum lucidum contain?

A

dead keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is the Stratum basale for?

A

adherence

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12
Q

What is the Stratum spinosum for?

A

adherence/strength

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13
Q

What is the Stratum granulosum for?

A

waterproofing

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14
Q

What is the Stratum corneum for?

A

shedding layer

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15
Q

What is the scalp?

A

thin skin and subcutaneous tissue

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16
Q

What are the borders of the scalp?

A

superior border occipital bone to supra-orbital margin of frontal bone
laterally extending over temporal fascia to zygomatic arches

17
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A
Skin
Connective tissue(dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
18
Q

Why is is not too worrying if the scalp looks down to the bone

A

They may have reached to aponeurosis layer

19
Q

What to do if there is a scalp injury? Why?

A

Apply direct pressure

Bleeding can expand the loose connective tissue layers and cause swelling

20
Q

What causes swelling in the scalp?

A

Injury causes bleeding

Blood not pressurised expands the loose connective tissue layers under the aponeurosis.

21
Q

Why does the scalp bleed easily?

A

Good vascular supply

22
Q

What causes wrinkles?

A

Loss of elasticity of dermis

23
Q

How does the skin vary in adherence? What?

A

Lots of short fibrous bands more adherence less mobility

Long less fibrous bands less adherence more mobility

24
Q

Where is toughest skin located

A

Soles of feet

25
Q

What is the role of skin ligaments

A

Attach dermis to underlying deep fascia

26
Q

What does red colour change mean in skin?

A

Blushing, heat distribution, insect bite infection

27
Q

What does blue colour change mean in skin?

A

cyanosis

28
Q

What does yellow colour change mean in skin?

A

jaundice, indicative of bilirubin breakdown

29
Q

What does red colour change look like on black skin?

A

Purple

30
Q

What does blue colour change look like on black skin?

A

Grey

31
Q

Where to find yellow colour change best rather than on skin?

A

Sclera