Intro to skin and integuement Flashcards

1
Q

What is Integument?

A

The enveloping membrane of the body including all derivatives of the epidermis

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2
Q

What is the approximate surface area of the skin (adult)?

A

1.5-2m2

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3
Q

What are the three key layers of skin? (outer layer first)

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutis- subcutaneous layer

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4
Q

Which layer of the skin is avascular?

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom (included in thick skin)

A

Stratum lucidum — (thick skin only

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Basement membrane
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6
Q

What cells does the Stratum basale contain?

A

columnar keratinocytes

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7
Q

What cells does the Stratum spinosum contain?

A

polyhedral keratinocytes

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8
Q

What cells does the Stratum granulosum contain?

A

3-5 layers flattened keratinocytes

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9
Q

What cells does the Stratum corneum contain?

A

corneocytes 20-30 cells thick

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10
Q

What cells does the Stratum lucidum contain?

A

dead keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is the Stratum basale for?

A

adherence

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12
Q

What is the Stratum spinosum for?

A

adherence/strength

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13
Q

What is the Stratum granulosum for?

A

waterproofing

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14
Q

What is the Stratum corneum for?

A

shedding layer

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15
Q

What is the scalp?

A

thin skin and subcutaneous tissue

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16
Q

What are the borders of the scalp?

A

superior border occipital bone to supra-orbital margin of frontal bone
laterally extending over temporal fascia to zygomatic arches

17
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A
Skin
Connective tissue(dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
18
Q

Why is is not too worrying if the scalp looks down to the bone

A

They may have reached to aponeurosis layer

19
Q

What to do if there is a scalp injury? Why?

A

Apply direct pressure

Bleeding can expand the loose connective tissue layers and cause swelling

20
Q

What causes swelling in the scalp?

A

Injury causes bleeding

Blood not pressurised expands the loose connective tissue layers under the aponeurosis.

21
Q

Why does the scalp bleed easily?

A

Good vascular supply

22
Q

What causes wrinkles?

A

Loss of elasticity of dermis

23
Q

How does the skin vary in adherence? What?

A

Lots of short fibrous bands more adherence less mobility

Long less fibrous bands less adherence more mobility

24
Q

Where is toughest skin located

A

Soles of feet

25
What is the role of skin ligaments
Attach dermis to underlying deep fascia
26
What does red colour change mean in skin?
Blushing, heat distribution, insect bite infection
27
What does blue colour change mean in skin?
cyanosis
28
What does yellow colour change mean in skin?
jaundice, indicative of bilirubin breakdown
29
What does red colour change look like on black skin?
Purple
30
What does blue colour change look like on black skin?
Grey
31
Where to find yellow colour change best rather than on skin?
Sclera