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OS 2 Midterm > Intro To Sacrum > Flashcards

Intro To Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

anterior sacral landmarks

A 
base
ala
superior articular process 
anterior sacral foramen
coccyx 
sacral promontory 
pelvic brim 
transverse line 
apex
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2
Q

posterior sacral landmarks

A 
superior articular facet 
canal 
articular surface 
posterior sacral foramen
coccyx 
haitus
inferior lateral angle 
median, intermediate, lateral crest 
spinous tubercles
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3
Q

the lowest part of the spinal column, four vertebra, some fused, some not

A

coccyx

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4
Q

the sacrum is formed by the union of _____ modified vertebrae

A

five modified vertebrae

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5
Q

epiphyseal plates separate adjacent sacral segments and fuse sequentially after puberty from _____ to _____

A

inferiorly to superiorly

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6
Q

the bony vertebral arch fuses with its adjacent ______ _____ between years 2 and 5

A

costal elements

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7
Q

bony articulations of the sacrum include

1) ____
2) ____
3) _____

A
  1. fifth lumbar vertebrae
  2. coccyx inferiorly
  3. two os coxae (innominates) through the c shaped SI articulations
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8
Q

SI joint development after puberty in males and females

A

males: SIJ joints are well developed and strong
females: SIJ joints are less well developed allowing the mobility for childbirth

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9
Q

during the second decade of life, describe the development of the SI joint

A

crescent shaped ridge devleops along the iliac surface that interdigitates with a depresion on the sacral side
adds stabiity and mobility

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10
Q

describe the development of the SI joint during the third decade of life

A

crescent shaped ridge becomes more pronounced decreasing ROM more
Males: degenerative changes may begin to occur on the iliac side

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11
Q

describe the dev of the SI joint during the fourth and fifth decades of life

A

males: degenerative changes begin on the sacral side

fibrous ankylosis may further limit joint motion

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12
Q

Characteristics of the SI joint

A 
L or C shaped 
shorter upper arm 
longer lower arm  S2 level 
]Apex points anteriorly 
diarthroidal joint (1 side hyaline 1 side fibrocartilage) 
Sacral side : smooth, hyaline 
Iliac - smooth, fibrocartilage
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13
Q

which ligament connects the 3rd sacral segbment to the lateral side of the pre-auricular sulcus

A

Anterior SI ligament

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14
Q

which ligament is formed from fibers of the 3rd and 4th sacral elements and ascends to the PSIS and posterior end of the internal lip of the iliac crest

A

posterior SI ligament

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15
Q

what ligament blends with STL and the thoracolumbar fascia

A

posterior SI ligament

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16
Q

what ligament connects the PSIS to the lateral aspect of the 3rd and 4th sacral segments and maintains a close anatomical relationship with the erector spinae muscle group, posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and sacrotuberous ligament

A

the long dorsal SI ligament

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17
Q

this ligament may be stretched when the sacrum is rotated in a posterior manner relative to the ilium (counternutation) in
pregnancy
aging and degenerative changes
backward torsion or unilateral/bilateral sacral extensions

A

long dorsal SI ligament

18
Q

ligament from ischial spine to lateral margins of sa crum where it blends with the sacrotuberous ligament

A

sacrospinous ligament

19
Q

ligament that runs from lower sacral tubercles to ischial tuberosity
serves as an attachment site for gluteus maximus
tendon of biceps femoris
connects with fascia of the pelvis

A

sacrotuberous ligament

20
Q

together, these two ligaments stabilize to limit posteiror-superior rotation of the sacral apex around a transverse axis

A

Sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

21
Q

action of the piriformis

A

external rotation of the hip

22
Q

pathology that can result from piriformis hypertonicity

A

sciatica

sciatic nerve runs in close proximity (and sometimes through) the piriformis m

23
Q

posterior pelvic landmarks

A

PSIS
ASIS
ILA

24
Q

differiential static landmarks for determining if sacral base is more anteiror or posterior

A

sacral sulcus

25
Q

the sacrum has a self- _____ mechanism that is critical form resistance against sheer
through the size, shape and attitude of the articulating surface, the sacrum has _____ closure
____ ____ is produced by compression from weight, muscle action and ligament force

A

self locking mechanism
form closure - specific properties of the articular surfaces of the SIJ
Force closure: compression produced by body weight, muscle action, and ligament force

26
Q

postural muscles that may affect SI joint stability

anterior and posterior

A

anterior: obliques, rectus abdominis (linea alba), TA
posterior: lat dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia, glut max, ITB

27
Q

oblique sacral axes are named for which of their component points

A

superior point names oblique axes

28
Q

Axes of motion of the sacrum (transverse)

A

superior transverse axis (respiratory)
middle transverse axis (postural) S2 - nutation/counternutation
inferior transverse axis (pelvic ilial axis) S3

29
Q

as the lumbar flexes, which way does the base of the sacrum move

A

posterior

apex moves anterior

30
Q

when the lumbar spine extends, which direction does the sacrum move

A

sacral base moves anteriorly

apex moves posteriorly

31
Q

during the load and spring evaluation of the sacral sulcus, in which direction is your force

A

towards ipsilateral greater trochanter (lateral and inferior)

32
Q

during the load and spring test of the ILA, what is the direction of force

A

ipsilateral ASIS (lateral and superior)

33
Q

all of the movements of the sacrum on the ileum are _____ movements

A

gliding

34
Q

downward force transmitted from the lumbar region glides the sacrum downward and causes _____

A

nutation

35
Q

rotation applied through the lumbar spine causes the sacrum to rotate towards the _____ side and sidebend towards the ____ side

A

rotate on ipsilateral

sidebend towards contralateral side

36
Q

sidebending applied through the lumbar spine causes the sacrum to sidebend towards the ______ side and rotating is ________

A

sidebend towards the ipsilateral side

rotation is inconsistent

37
Q

flexion/extension and upward/downward glide have a greater ROM than what motions of the sacru m

A

Rotation/sidebending

38
Q

a transitional segment in which the first sacral segment cbbecomes like an adiditional lumbar vertebra articulating with the second sacral segment

A

lumbralization

39
Q

incomplete separation and differentiation of the fifth lumbar vertebra such that it takes on sacral characteristics

A

sacralization

40
Q

if the transverse processes of L5 are atypically large causing pseudoarthrosis with the sacrum and ilia, the batwing deformity is a form of

A

sacralization

41
Q

common sacral abnormalities

A 
batwing transverse process of L5 
lumbarization of SI 
Sacralization of L5 
facet asymmetry of L4 
partial sacralization of L5 
f spina bifida occulta of both Ls and S

OS 2 Midterm (7 decks)

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