intro to sacrum

Question 1

lumbarization of sacrum

Answer 1

when S1 and S2 do not fuse

Question 2

anterior surface of the sacrum is ___ posterior surface is __

Answer 2

concave, convex

Question 3

the lateral rows/crests of sacrum are what and end as what

Answer 3

fusion of sacral TP and end as ILA

Question 4

where is the sacral epidural nerve block performed

Answer 4

sacral hiatus

Question 5

sacral canal contains what

Answer 5

cauda equina

Question 6

what is the ganglion impar

Answer 6

where the right and left sympathetic chains join, rests on anterior aspect of coccyx

Question 7

true pelvic ligaments

Answer 7

sacroiliac ligaments, attach bone to bone

Question 8

anteior SI ligament attachments

Answer 8

3rd sacral segment to preauricular surface of ilium

Question 9

interosseous sacroiliac ligament attachments

Answer 9

medial sacral crestes to iliac tuberosities

Question 10

posterior SI ligament attachment

Answer 10

PSIS to 3rd and 4th sacral segments

Question 11

sacrotuberous ligament has what attach here

Answer 11

gluteus maximus and tendon of biceps femoris

Question 12

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous action

Answer 12

stabilize anterior, prevent posterior superior rotation

Question 13

iliolumbar ligament attachment and function

Answer 13

attaches 4th and 5th lumbar verterba to iliac crests

stabilizes posterior motion, restricitng anterior motion of L4/L5

Question 14

primary intrinsic muscles of pelvic diaphragm

Answer 14

levator ani group: iliococcyg, puborect, pubococcyg, coccyg

Question 15

secondary muslces considered to have partial attachment to true pelvis

Answer 15

rectus ab, internal oblique, external oblique, transversus abdominus, quad lumborum

Question 16

what spinal muslces also have direct connection to sacrum

Answer 16

eretor spinae and multifidus

Question 17

force closure

Answer 17

hold an object by pressure on sides —>I

Question 18

form closure

Answer 18

stacking or use of roman arch as self supporting structure

Question 19

superior transverse sacral axes

Answer 19

respiratory axis
nutation and counternutation from SBS flexion/extension
articular processes of S2

Question 20

middle transverse sacral axis

Answer 20

postural axis for flexion/extension in sitting and standing

level of body of S2

Question 21

inferior S3 axis

Answer 21

iliosacral, axis for rotation of the iliums on sacrum

axis when moving and walking