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Paper 2 - The challenge of resource management > Intro to resource management - food energy and water > Flashcards

Intro to resource management - food energy and water Flashcards

1
Q

What is a resource?

A

A stock or supply or something that has a value or purpose.

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2
Q

How many calories does the WHO recommend we need daily?

A

2,000 – 2,400.

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3
Q

How many people worldwide are malnourished?

A

Over 1 billion.

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4
Q

How many people worldwide are under-nourished.

A

Approximately 3 billion (including the 1 billion malnourished).

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5
Q

How does under-nourishment affect the economy?

A

Ill and unhealthy workforces are less productive, less efficient and less active than healthy ones.

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6
Q

Why is water an important resource?

A

For drinking, growing crops & generating energy.

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7
Q

Why are global water supplies imbalanced?

A

Temperature and rainfall differences worldwide.

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8
Q

How many countries will face water scarcity by 2050?

A

50

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9
Q

How does water use differ between LICs and HICs?

A

HICs – mainly used for industry. LICs – mainly used for irrigation.

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10
Q

Why is energy an important resource?

A

For powering factories & machinery and providing fuel for transport.

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11
Q

How many people are expected to live in UK by 2037?

A

73 million.

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12
Q

What % of its food does the UK import?

A

Approximately 40%.

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13
Q

Why does the UK import a lot of food?

A

Demand for exotic and seasonal foods all year round. UK climate unsuitable for e.g. bananas & cocoa. Poor harvests & high cost of animal feed = UK-produced food is expensive. Supermarkets compete for cheap imported food.

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14
Q

What are food miles?

A

The distances travelled by imported foods.

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15
Q

What are the impacts of importing food?

A

Bigger carbon footprint from transport. Higher prices for consumers e.g. keeping mangetout fresh while it travels is expensive. Poor wages & low job security for farmers abroad.

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16
Q

Define ‘food security’.

A

How dependent a country is on imports for meeting food demands.

17
Q

What is the UK’s food security like?

A

Low because of reliance on imports.

18
Q

How is the UK addressing food security challenges?

A

Some consumers buy locally grown food as it has a lower carbon footprint.

19
Q

How is the UK addressing food security challenges?

A

People encouraged to eat seasonal foods. This reduces emissions associated with growing out-of-season foods e.g. through powering greenhouses.

20
Q

How is the UK addressing food security challenges?

A

Agribusinesses – intensive farming businesses that try to produce as much food as possible. Use modern technology & chemicals to increase crop yields.

21
Q

What % of the UK’s water supply is used domestically (in homes)?

A

Approximately 50%.

22
Q

What % of the UK’s water supply is wasted through leakage?

A

21%.

23
Q

Why is water demand expected to increase in the UK?

A

Population growth. Increase in water-intensive household appliances.

24
Q

Define ‘water surplus’.

A

More water than is needed. North and west of the UK have water surplus.

25
Q

Define ‘water deficit’.

A

Less water than is needed. South and east of UK have water deficit.

26
Q

What % of England experiences water stress?

A

Approximately 50%.

27
Q

How is the UK responding to water challenges? - Saving water

A

Water meters so water use can be tracked. Recycling grey (waste) water from homes to irrigate plants. Using water-efficient household appliances.

28
Q

How is the UK responding to water challenges? - Managing water quality.

A

Environment Agency filters sediment from river water & adds chlorine to purify it. Difficult due to pollution of groundwater by industrial runoff.

29
Q

How is the UK responding to water challenges? - Water transfer.

A

Moving water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit. Controversial due to threat to wildlife habitats & CO2 emissions.

30
Q

Give an example of a water transfer scheme.

A

Water from Kielder, Pennines is transferred to Newcastle, Durham & Darlington.

31
Q

How is UK’s energy demand changing?

A

Demand has increased. Use has fallen (decline of industry & improved energy conservation).

32
Q

How much has industrial energy use fallen by in the UK?

A

60%.

33
Q

How much has domestic energy use fallen by in the UK?

A

12%.

34
Q

How has the UK’s energy mix changed?

A

1990 – 75% of energy from coal & oil. 2007 – equal mix of coal, gas & nuclear. 2019 – 48% of energy from renewable sources.

35
Q

What % of UK’s gas & oil reserves have been used?

A

Approximately 75%.

36
Q

What is the UK’s energy security like?

A

Low. 75% of energy is imported.

37
Q

Why will the UK continue to use fossil fuels?

A

Remaining oil & gas reserves can meet energy demand for decades. Coal imports are cheap. Development of fracking.

Paper 2 - The challenge of resource management (2 decks)

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