Intro to Reproduction & Breeding

Question 1

A process where animals produce offspring.

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

A type of reproduction that aims at certain characteristics.

Answer 2

Selective Breeding

Question 3

The fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.

Answer 3

Sexual Reproduction

Question 4

Where male gametes (sperm cells) are produced.

Answer 4

Testes

Question 5

Where is the testes located and why?

Answer 5

Scrotum. Sperm production can’t occur at normal body temperature.

Question 6

Where in the testes are sperm produced?

Answer 6

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 7

Cells that produce testosterone and other androgens, and are scattered between tubules.

Answer 7

Leydig Cells (interstitial endocrinocyte)

Question 8

Where sperms mature and gain motility.

Answer 8

Epididymis

Question 9

Transports sperm during ejaculation.

Answer 9

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

Question 10

Rhythmic muscular contractions that compress the urethra and expel semen.

Answer 10

Ejaculation

Question 11

Glands that provide 95-98% of total ejaculate volume.

Answer 11

Accessory Glands

Question 12

Adds fructose and prostaglandins to the sperm.

Answer 12

Seminal Vesicles

Question 13

Function of fructose.

Answer 13

Nourishes the sperm.

Question 14

Function of prostaglandins.

Answer 14

Promotes contractions in the female.

Question 15

Produces secretion that buffers the vaginal pH (3.5-4).

Answer 15

Prostate Gland

Question 16

Produces mucus that lubricates the penis.

Answer 16

Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s Gland)

Question 17

Passage for urine and sperm.

Answer 17

Urethra

Question 18

Production of spermatozoa occurring in the seminiferous tubule.

Answer 18

Spermatogenesis

Question 19

Conversion of spermatids into spermatozoa.

Answer 19

Spermiogenesis

Question 20

Release of spermatozoon into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

Answer 20

Spermiation

Question 21

Final maturation of the spermatozoon which occurs in the female genital tract.

Answer 21

Capacitation

Question 22

A necessary hormone for the development and function of the male reproductive tract.

Answer 22

Testosterone

Question 23

Where female gametes (egg cells) are produced.

Answer 23

Ovaries

Question 24

Contains one egg cell and follicle cells that nurture the developing egg.

Answer 24

Follicle

Question 25

The stage where a follicle ruptures and releases its egg cell.

Answer 25

Ovulation

Question 26

Secretes progesterone to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy which disintegrates if egg is unfertilized.

Answer 26

Corpus Luteum

Question 27

The muscular sphincter between uterus and vagina.

Answer 27

Cervix

Question 28

The muscular structure that receives the penis and is also the birth canal.

Answer 28

Vagina

Question 29

Homologous with the glans penis in males.

Answer 29

Clitoris

Question 30

A hormone that triggers the development of secondary sexual characteristics. There are high levels of this during estrus.

Answer 30

Estrogen

Question 31

Pregnancy hormone that causes development of the uterus prior to implantation of the fertilized ovum and inhibits ovulation during pregnancy.

Answer 31

Progesterone

Question 32

Synonymous to the penis in avian male reproductive system.

Answer 32

Phallus

Question 33

Where is sperm and seminal fluid stored in avians?

Answer 33

Inside the abdominal cavity

Question 34

Where is sperm and seminal fluid carried from the vas deferens in avians?

Answer 34

Cloaca

Question 35

Opening of avian urinary system.

Answer 35

Urodaeum

Question 36

Opening of the avian digestive system.

Answer 36

Coprodaeum

Question 37

Opening of the avian reproductive system.

Answer 37

Proctodaeum

Question 38

How is sperm placed in the oviduct?

Answer 38

Cloacal Kiss

Question 39

What is unique about the avian ovary?

Answer 39

Only the left part is functional and appears as a cluster of developed follicles.

Question 40

Receives the ovulated yolk and spends 15 mins here.

Answer 40

Infundibulum

Question 41

Secretes thick albumen of the egg which takes 3 hrs to complete.

Answer 41

Magnum

Question 42

Where the inner and outer shell membrane is added for 1 and 1/4 hrs.

Answer 42

Isthmus

Question 43

Where the shell and thin albumen of the egg is finally added for 20 hrs.

Answer 43

Uterus (Shell Gland)

Question 44

Where the egg stays for a few mins before being laid.

Answer 44

Vagina

Question 45

Do chickens have an estrous cycle?

Answer 45

No, they lay eggs upon sexual maturity.

Question 46

What happens 30 mins after an egg is laid?

Answer 46

Another yolk is released from the ovary.

Question 47

How long does egg production take?

Answer 47

25-27 hrs

Question 48

Hormones from which glands control the estrous cycle?

Answer 48

Pituitary Gland and Ovary

Question 49

A phase of the estrous cycle where there is increased development of the ovaries and ovarian follicles.

Answer 49

Proestrus

Question 50

Hormones involved in proestrus.

Answer 50

Follicle-stimulating Hormones & Luteinizing Hormones

Question 51

A phase of the estrous cycle where there are increased levels of E2 by mature ovarian follicles.

Answer 51

Estrus

Question 52

Ovulation occurs due to what hormone?

Answer 52

Luteinizing Hormone

Question 53

Postovulatory phase where corpus luteum is well developed and functional, secreting progresterone.

Answer 53

Metestus

Question 54

Short period of quiescence between estrous cycles.

Answer 54

Diestrus

Question 55

A phase of the estrous cycle deprived of hormonal influence at the end of the breeding period.

Answer 55

Anestrus

Question 56

What is the importance of detecting estrus cycles?

Answer 56

Assures the production of animals at the best time to increase efficiency.

Question 57

The occurrence of ovulation during coitus.

Answer 57

Reflex Ovulators

Question 58

1st Stage of Parturition

Answer 58

Start of Uterine Contractions

Question 59

2nd Stage of Parturition

Answer 59

Delivery of the Fetus

Question 60

3rd Stage of Parturition

Answer 60

Expulsion of the Placenta

Question 61

Hormone that initiates parturition from the adrenal cortex.

Answer 61

Cortisol

Question 62

Hormone that increases during the later part of gestation which produces prostaglandins.

Answer 62

Estrogen

Question 63

Hormone that stimulates uterine contractions.

Answer 63

Prostaglandin

Question 64

Hormone that regresses the corpus luteum (CL), lowers progesterone, and produces relaxin.

Answer 64

Prostaglandin F2alpha

Question 65

Hormone that relaxes the pelvic muscles.

Answer 65

Relaxin

Question 66

Hormone that stimulates lactogenesis.

Answer 66

Prolactin

Question 67

Hormone that increases uterine contractions.

Answer 67

Oxytocin

Question 68

Enumerate the parturition process.

Answer 68

1. Front Feet 2. Nose 3. Head & Shoulders 4. Hips 5. Rear Legs 6. Rear Feet

Question 69

Difficulty in parturition which causes fetal defects or death of the newborn and/or dam if presentation is not in order.

Answer 69

Dystocia

Question 70

Post-parturient Estrus of Cows and Ewes.

Answer 70

35 days

Question 71

Post-parturient Estrus of Sows.

Answer 71

4 days

Question 72

Post-parturient Estrus of Mares.

Answer 72

11 days

Question 73

Deposition of semen in the female reproductive tract by artificial means.

Answer 73

Artificial Insemination

Question 74

Divides the semen via dilution.

Answer 74

Semen Extenders

Question 75

Where collected seme are stored and slowly frozen in liquid nitrogen.

Answer 75

French Straws

Question 76

A special technique in reproduction where prostaglandin or its analogs are used to reset the animals' reproductive clocks.

Answer 76

Estrus Synchronization

Question 77

A hormone that prevents estrus and maintains diestrus stage and starts proestrus period after 12-15 days.

Answer 77

Progestins

Question 78

Increases the nutritional level about 2 weeks prior to breeding for the promotion of ovulation and increase multiple births among polytoccus animals.

Answer 78

Flushing

Question 79

A microscoping surgical blade punctures the zona pellucida of the embryo and cuts it in half, most successful at 8-cell stage.

Answer 79

Embryo Splitting

Question 80

Phenotypic assessment of an individual's offspring to make decisions regarding genetic selection.

Answer 80

Progeny Testing

Question 81

Contains only all male or all female sperm.

Answer 81

Sexed Semen