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Hum Physiology II > intro to renal function, Lect 1 > Flashcards

intro to renal function, Lect 1 Flashcards

1
Q

function of kidney

A
  1. regulates water and inorganic ions
  2. regulates osmolality and volume (via BP)
  3. excretes metabolic waste
  4. secretes hormones
  5. regulate bicarbonate levels
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2
Q

where is renin secreted

A

juxtaglomerular cells

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3
Q

what secretes erythropoietin

A

renal interstitial cells

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4
Q

how does kidney create a patient who is in a water steady state? negative water balance? positive water balance?

A
  1. steady state: water input - (water output (fecal, sweat, insensible) + urine) = 0
  2. negative water balance: water input - (water output (fecal, sweat, insensible) + more urine) = -X
  3. positive water balance: water input - (water output (fecal, sweat, insensible) + less urine) = + X
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5
Q

what are some conditions that can result in a negative sodium and water balance?

A
  • less sodium and water in body than normal
    • diarrhea
    • diurectic medication
    • insufficient aldosterone (adrenal dysfunction)
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6
Q

what are some conditions that can result in a positive sodium and water balance?

A
  • excess steroids
  • congestive heart failure
  • salt-retaining disease (hyperaldosteronism)
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7
Q

renal calyces drain into?

A

renal pelvis

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8
Q

outer, granular portion of kidney? inner, striated portion of kidney?

A
  1. cortex
  2. medulla
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9
Q

what is the basic unit of the kidney

A

nephron

  • there are millions in each kidney
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10
Q

renal corpuscle

A
  • comprised of glomerulus and bowman’s capsule
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11
Q

basic function of proximal tubule

A
  • drains Bowman’s capsule
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12
Q

60-80% of filtered solute and water is reabsorbed from what part of the nephron? (hint: isosmotic)

A

proximal tubule

  • does not concentrate urine
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13
Q

basic function of loop of henle

A
  • generate osmotic gradients in medulla that allow kidney to concentrate the urine
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14
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

where distal tubule passes between afferent and efferent arteriole

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15
Q

area in nephron where some reabsorption of water and ions occurs, fluid is isosmotic or hyposmotic

A

distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

water permeability in the collecting duct is controlled by?

A

vasopressin

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17
Q

site where the final concentration of urine is adjusted (urine may be iso-, hypo-, or hyperosmotic)

A

collecting duct

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18
Q

differentiate between cortical nephrons and juxtamedually nephrons

A
  • cortical nephrons
    • glomeruli in outer cortex
    • LOH short and does not extend into inner medulla
  • juxtamedually nephrons
    • glomeruli naer corticomedullary border
    • LOH long and extends into inner medulla
19
Q

ability to produce concentrated ruine is thought to be proportional to the number of

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

20
Q

collecting ducts are shared by many nephrons which means that all nephrons function in ?

A

parallel

21
Q

filtration barrier in nephron consists of what 3 layers

A
  1. capillary endothelium
  2. glomerular basement membrane (basal lamina)
  3. visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)
22
Q

podocytes

A

visceral epithelial cells

23
Q

pedicels

A

extensions of podocytes

24
Q

through what does filtrate flow to get into bowman’s capsule

A

slits between podocytes

25
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what 3 cell types

A
  • macula densa
  • extraglomerular mesangial cells
  • granular cells (aka juxtaglomerular cells)
26
Q

function of juxtaglomerular apparatus

A
  • helps control GFR
  • controls renin secretion (blood pressure and blood volume)
27
Q

mesangial cells

A

cells between capillary loops that contract in response to angiotensin II

28
Q

two arterioles of nephron

A

the afferent arteriole feeds the glomerular capillary bed while the efferent arteriole drains it.

29
Q

peritubular capillary bed consists of what two sections

A
  1. cortical
  2. vasa recta
  • supply blood to the nephron
30
Q

vasa recta

A
  • peritubular capillary bed that follows LOH
  • supplies nutrients to medullary tissue and important for recovery of water
31
Q

cortical arteries give off afferent arterioles, fluid not filtered goes into what arterioles?

A

efferent arteriole

32
Q

how many afferent arterioles are there per one glomerulus

A

one

33
Q

two capillary beds that supply blood to nephrone

A
  • glomerular
  • peritubular
34
Q

the two arterioles (afferent and efferent) and two capillary beds (glomerular and peritubular) are connected in ?

A

series

35
Q

renal nerves have what innervation?

A

sympathetic

  • **parasympathetic innervation is absent
36
Q

renal nerves release what neurotransmitters

A
  • NE
  • dopamine
37
Q

what receptors are present on afferent and efferent arterioles

A

alpha 1 receptors

  • *primarily on afferent arterioles
38
Q

stimulation of the renal nerve via the sympathetic nervous system tends to have what effect on Renal blood flow and GFR?

A

Renal blood flow and GFR are reduced

39
Q

simulataneous release of what prostaglandins with SNS stimulation keeps reductions of RBF and GFR minimized

A
  • PGE2
  • PGI2
40
Q

granular cells (juxtaglomerular) cells are innervated by SNS, stimulation of what receptors on these cells releases renin?

A

beta receptors

41
Q

normal GFR

A

120-125 ml/min

42
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

from renal tubular lumen to peritubular capillary

43
Q

tubular secretion

A

from peritubular capillary to tubular lumen

Hum Physiology II (12 decks)

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