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Web Architecture > Intro to Rails > Flashcards

Intro to Rails Flashcards

1
Q

MVC(Model, View, Controller):

  • The _______ way to create user-interactive applications
  • Created in 1979 by Trygve Reenskaug
A
  • The default way to create user-interactive applications
  • Created in 1979 by Trygve Reenskaug
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2
Q

What does the model do?

–Keeps track of ____ (session and longer)

–________, often via _________

–Enforces _________

A

–Keeps track of state (session and longer)

–Persistence, often via database

–Enforces consistency

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3
Q

What does View do?

•View ________ user interface

–Based on data in ______

–May look _______ based on browser, user role, assistive technologies, etc.

A

•View generates user interface

–Based on data in model

–May look different based on browser, user role, assistive technologies, etc.

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4
Q

What does Controllers do?

•Controllers _______

–Receives______ from ______

–Interacts with _____

A

•Controllers coordinate

–Receives events from view

–Interacts with model

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5
Q

MVC Picture:

A
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6
Q

•DB shouldn’t worry about how data are ________

–________ technology can change without affecting any other part of app

–Can add ______ , etc.

A

•DB shouldn’t worry about how data are displayed

–Display technology can change without affecting any other part of app

–Can add JavaScript, etc.

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7
Q

What is an important concept in MVC?

separation of _______

A

Important concept: separation of concerns

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8
Q

Business logic in only ___ _____

A

•Business logic in only one place

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9
Q

Separation of Concerns:

  • Code/text only __________ one aspect of app
  • Easier to ____, ______, ______, _______
  • Rails essentially enforces ___
A
  • Code/text only addresses one aspect of app
  • Easier to write, maintain, document, debug
  • Rails essentially enforces MVC
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10
Q

Rails concepts: Continuous Integration (CI)?
is a development practice that requires developers to ________ code into a shared _________ several times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an __________ build, allowing teams to detect problems early.

A

is a development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect problems early.

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11
Q

Rails concepts: Extreme programming (XP)

is a software development _________ which is intended to improve software quality and _____________to changing customer requirements.

A

is a software development methodology which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements.

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12
Q

Rails conepts: Kanban

is a ______ to control the ______ chain from a production point of view, and is an ___________ control system. Kanban was developed by Taiichi Ohno, an industrial engineer at Toyota, as a system to improve and maintain a high level of production. Kanban is one method to achieve ___.

A

is a system to control the logistical chain from a production point of view, and is an inventory control system. Kanban was developed by Taiichi Ohno, an industrial engineer at Toyota, as a system to improve and maintain a high level of production. Kanban is one method to achieve JIT.

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13
Q

Rails concepts: just-in-time (JIT) compilation:

also known as dynamic __________, is _________ done during execution of a program – __ ___ ____ – rather than prior to execution

A

also known as dynamic translation, is compilation done during execution of a program – at run time – rather than prior to execution.

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14
Q

Rails Concepts: Scrum:

is an ______ and __________ agile software development ____________ for managing product development.

A

is an iterative and incremental agile software development methodology for managing product development.

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15
Q

Rails concepts: Test-driven development (TDD)

is a software development process that relies on the ________ of a very short development cycle: first the developer ______ an (initially failing) automated test case that defines a desired _________or new _____, then produces the minimum amount of code to pass that test, and finally _______the new code to ________ standards.

A

is a software development process that relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle: first the developer writes an (initially failing) automated test case that defines a desired improvement or new function, then produces the minimum amount of code to pass that test, and finally refactors the new code to acceptable standards.

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16
Q

Rails conventions: Requests are sent to a _______

–Sends request to an action in a _______

A

•Requests are sent to a router

–Sends request to an action in a controller

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17
Q

Rails conventions: •HTTP requests: ___, ____, ___, ______

A

HTTP requests: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

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18
Q

Rails Concepts: Convention over configuration:

–Directory ________ mirrors MVC

–Don’t have to change _____ files much, if at all
•Don’t Repeat Yourself

•Agile

A

–Directory structure mirrors MVC

–Don’t have to change config files much, if at all
•Don’t Repeat Yourself

•Agile

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19
Q

Model Conventions: OO programming languages are designed around ______

A

•OO programming languages are designed around objects

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20
Q

Rails conventions: Router usually treats first part of _____ as the controller name:

A

•Router usually treats first part of path as the controller name

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21
Q

Model Conventions: Databases are designed around ______, ____, and ______

A

•Databases are designed around tables, rows, and columns

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22
Q

Rails conventions: •If action is _____, calls “create” method for that controller, via naming conventions

A

•If action is POST, calls “create” method for that controller, via naming conventions

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23
Q

ORM:Classes become ______

A

Classes become tables

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24
Q

ORM:Values in those objects become _______

A

Values in those objects become columns

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25
Q

ORM: Objects become ____ in those _____

A

Objects become rows in those tables

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26
Q

Model Naming Conventions: ______ are singular and table is ___

A

•Classes are singular and table is pural

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27
Q

Model Conventions: •How can we save objects in a __?

A

•How can we save objects in a DB?

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28
Q

ORM:

Object-______ ______ (ORM) is a technique (a.k.a. design pattern) of accessing a relational ________ from an ______-_______ language (Java, for example)

A

Object-relational mapping (ORM) is a technique (a.k.a. design pattern) of accessing a relational database from an object-oriented language (Java, for example)

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29
Q

ORM: Rails has ActiveRecord to do this, and much more

  • ___, ______, ____, ______, etc.
A

•Rails has ActiveRecord to do this, and much more

–Add, delete, find, modify, etc.

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30
Q

ORM: Upside: stay within ____ and _____, no SQL

A

•Upside: stay within Ruby and Rails, no SQL

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31
Q

Views: Rails has XML ____

A

•XML builder

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32
Q

ORM Continued:

  • Class ______ perform________ operations
  • Instance _______ perform ______ operations
A
  • Class methods perform table-level operations
  • Instance methods perform row-level operations
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33
Q

Views: •ERb templates
–Allows ________ of Ruby in a document
–Somewhat violates __________ of concerns

A

•ERb templates

–Allows embedding of Ruby in a document

–Somewhat violates separation of concerns

34
Q

Controllers:

•ActionPack contains ______ for ____ and ______

A

•ActionPack contains methods for views and controllers

35
Q

Controllers: _______ sessions

A

Manages sessions

36
Q

Controllers: Manages _______

A

•Manages caching

37
Q

Controllers: Responsible for _______

A

Responsible for routing

38
Q

CamelCase: CamelCase (also camel caps or medial capitals) is the practice of writing compound _____ or ________ such that each _____ or ______begins with a ______ letter.

A

CamelCase (also camel caps or medial capitals) is the practice of writing compound words or phrases such that each word or abbreviation begins with a capital letter.

39
Q

Naming Conventions:

•One major part of conventions is ______

–In most applications, _____ are meaningless to the _____

–In _____, ____ drive much of the ______

  • Creating a ____ for a Person creates a _____ table people
  • Variables ________ and ________
  • ______are CamelCased
A

•One major part of conventions is naming

–In most applications, names are meaningless to the software

–In Rails, names drive much of the functionality

  • Creating a model for a Person creates a database table people
  • Variables lowercase and underscores
  • Classes are CamelCased
40
Q

Naming Conventions Continued:

•DB table names “___ ____” class names

–Always ____

  • With ______ and __________
  • Class Student

–DB table _______

–app/models/students.rb

A

•DB table names “look like” class names

–Always plural

  • With lowercase and underscores
  • Class Student

–DB table students

–app/models/students.rb

41
Q

Naming Conventions Continued Controllers:•Controllers

–StudentController

–app/controllers/student_controller.rb

–http://…/student/list

  • Calls ___ method in student_controller.rb
  • Subdirectories add to ____

–View _______ in app/views/student

–Layout _______ app/views/layouts/application.html.erb and .xml

A

•Controllers

–StudentController

–app/controllers/student_controller.rb

–http://…/student/list

  • Calls list method in student_controller.rb
  • Subdirectories add to path

–View templates in app/views/student

–Layout templates app/views/layouts/application.html.erb and .xml

42
Q

New:

$ rails ___ demo

create

create README.rdoc

create Rakefile

…

Your bundle is complete! Use bundle show [gemname] to see where a bundled gem is installed.

Post-install message from rdoc:

Depending on your version of ruby, you may need to install ruby rdoc/ri data:

<= 1.8.6 : unsupported

= 1.8.7 : gem install rdoc-data; rdoc-data –install

= 1.9.1 : gem install rdoc-data; rdoc-data –install

>= 1.9.2 : nothing to do! Yay!

A

$ rails new demo

create

create README.rdoc

create Rakefile

…

Your bundle is complete! Use bundle show [gemname] to see where a bundled gem is installed.

Post-install message from rdoc:

Depending on your version of ruby, you may need to install ruby rdoc/ri data:

<= 1.8.6 : unsupported

= 1.8.7 : gem install rdoc-data; rdoc-data –install

= 1.9.1 : gem install rdoc-data; rdoc-data –install

>= 1.9.2 : nothing to do! Yay!

43
Q

“Conventions”:

•create config/routes.rb

–Message à method _______

–See via “___ _____”

•create config/________.rb

–Timezone, locale, encodings, preloads, etc.

  • create config/environment.rb
  • create config/environments
A

•create config/routes.rb

–Message à method mapping

–See via “rake routes”

•create config/application.rb

–Timezone, locale, encodings, preloads, etc.

  • create config/environment.rb
  • create config/environments
44
Q

Three Modes:

  • rails server –e development
  • create config/environments/development.rb

–No ______, etc.

  • create config/environments/production.rb
  • create config/environments/test.rb

•

A
  • rails server –e development
  • create config/environments/development.rb

–No caching, etc.

  • create config/environments/production.rb
  • create config/environments/test.rb

•

45
Q

“Conventions” Continued

  • create config/locales
  • create config/locales/en.yml
  • create config/boot.rb
  • create config/database.yml

–Which DB to ___ and how to ______

A
  • create config/locales
  • create config/locales/en.yml
  • create config/boot.rb
  • create config/database.yml

–Which DB to use and how to connect

46
Q

Default Messages:

  • create public/404.html
  • create public/422.html
  • create public/500.html
  • create public/favicon.ico
  • create public/index.html
  • create public/robots.txt
A
  • create public/404.html
  • create public/422.html
  • create public/500.html
  • create public/favicon.ico
  • create public/index.html
  • create public/robots.txt
47
Q

Default Tests

  • create test/fixtures
  • create test/functional
  • create test/integration
  • create test/unit
  • create test/performance/browsing_test.rb
  • create test/test_helper.rb
A
  • create test/fixtures
  • create test/functional
  • create test/integration
  • create test/unit
  • create test/performance/browsing_test.rb
  • create test/test_helper.rb
48
Q

App:

•___/controllers:

–application_controller.rb

•app/____:

–application_helper.rb

  • app/______
  • app/models
  • app/views/layouts:

–_________.html.erb

A

•app/controllers:

–application_controller.rb

•app/helpers:

–application_helper.rb

  • app/mailers
  • app/models
  • app/views/layouts:

–application.html.erb

49
Q

Aside: Errorr:

$ rails generate ______ Student studentname:string studentid:integer

______ active_record

The name ‘Student’ is either already used in your application or reserved by Ruby on Rails. Please choose an alternative and run this generator again.

A

$ rails generate scaffold Student studentname:string studentid:integer

invoke active_record

The name ‘Student’ is either already used in your application or reserved by Ruby on Rails. Please choose an alternative and run this generator again.

50
Q

Scaffolding: A scaffold in Rails is a full __ __ _____, __________ migration for that _____, controller to manipulate it, _____ to view and manipulate the data, and a ____ _____ for each of the above.

A

•A scaffold in Rails is a full set of model, database migration for that model, controller to manipulate it, views to view and manipulate the data, and a test suite for each of the above.

51
Q

Types:

  • :datetime
  • :timestamp
  • :time
  • :date
  • :binary
  • :boolean

  • :primary_key
  • :string
  • :text (short strings)
  • :integer
  • :float
  • :decimal (fixed precision, currency)
A
  • :datetime
  • :timestamp
  • :time
  • :date
  • :binary
  • :boolean
  • :primary_key
  • :string
  • :text (short strings)
  • :integer
  • :float
  • :decimal (fixed precision, currency)
52
Q

Create a Student:

$ rails new demo

$ cd demo

$ rails generate _____ Student studentname:string studentid:integer

A

$ rails new demo

$ cd demo

$ rails generate scaffold Student studentname:string studentid:integer

53
Q

Migration:

class CreateStudents < ____________::______

def change

create_table :students do |t|

t. _____ :studentname
t. ______:studentid

_.timestamps null: false

end

end

end

A

class CreateStudents < ActiveRecord::Migration

def change

create_table :students do |t|

t. string :studentname
t. integer :studentid

t.timestamps null: false

end

end

end

54
Q

Aside: Errorr:

$ rails ___ Student

create

create README.rdoc

create Rakefile

create config.ru

create .gitignore

create Gemfile

[…]

A

$ rails new Student

create

create README.rdoc

create Rakefile

create config.ru

create .gitignore

create Gemfile

[…]

55
Q

rake db:migrate

$ rake db:migrate

== CreateStudents:________

=================================================

– create_table(:students)

-> 0.0014s

== CreateStudents: migrated (0.0015s) ========================================

A

$ rake db:migrate

== CreateStudents: migrating =================================================

– create_table(:students)

-> 0.0014s

== CreateStudents: migrated (0.0015s) ========================================

56
Q

If you don’t like it:

$ rails destroy______ Student

A

$ rails destroy scaffold Student

57
Q

If you really don’t like it:

$ spring ___

$ cd ..

$ rm –rf college

A

$ spring stop

$ cd ..

$ rm –rf college

58
Q

rake routes:

students GET /students(.:format) students#index

POST /students(.:format) students#create

new_student GET /students/new(.:format) students#new

edit_student GET /students/:id/edit(.:format) students#edit

student GET /students/:id(.:format) students#show

PUT /students/:id(.:format) students#update

DELETE /students/:id(.:format) students#destroy

A

students GET /students(.:format) students#index

POST /students(.:format) students#create

new_student GET /students/new(.:format) students#new

edit_student GET /students/:id/edit(.:format) students#edit

student GET /students/:id(.:format) students#show

PUT /students/:id(.:format) students#update

DELETE /students/:id(.:format) students#destroy

59
Q

The Entire Model
$ more app/models/student.rb

class Student < ActiveRecord::Base

attr_______ :id, :name

end

A

$ more app/models/student.rb

class Student < ActiveRecord::Base

attr_accessible :id, :name

end

60
Q

Controller: Find All

class StudentsController < __________

GET /students

GET /students.json

def index

@students = Student.all

respond_to do |format|

format. html # _____ .html.erb
format. json { render json: @students }

end

end

A

class StudentsController < ApplicationController

GET /students

GET /students.json

def index

@students = Student.all

respond_to do |format|

format. html # index.html.erb
format. json { render json: @students }

end

end

61
Q

Controller: Find One

GET /students/1

GET /students/1.json

def show

@student = Student. ___(params[:id])

_______ do |format|

format. html # ____ .html.erb
format. json { render json: @student }

end

end

•

A

GET /students/1

GET /students/1.json

def show

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

respond_to do |format|

format. html # show.html.erb
format. json { render json: @student }

end

end

•

62
Q

Controller: New

GET /students/new

GET /students/new.json

def new

@student = Student. ___

respond_to do |format|

format. html # new.html.erb
format. json { render json: @student }

end

end

A

GET /students/new

GET /students/new.json

def new

@student = Student.new

respond_to do |format|

format. html # new.html.erb
format. json { render json: @student }

end

end

63
Q

Controller: Edit

GET /students/1/edit

def ____

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

end

automagically calls app/views/students/edit.html.erb

A

GET /students/1/edit

def edit

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

end

automagically calls app/views/students/edit.html.erb

64
Q

Controller: Create

POST /students

POST /students.json

def create

@student = Student.___(params[:student])

respond_to do |format|

if @student.____

format. html { redirect_to @student, notice: ‘Student was successfully created.’ }
format. json { render json: @student, status: :created, location: @student }

else

format. html { render action: “new” }
format. json { render json: @student.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }

end

end

end

A

POST /students

POST /students.json

def create

@student = Student.new(params[:student])

respond_to do |format|

if @student.save

format. html { redirect_to @student, notice: ‘Student was successfully created.’ }
format. json { render json: @student, status: :created, location: @student }

else

format. html { render action: “new” }
format. json { render json: @student.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }

end

end

end

65
Q

Controller: Update:

PUT /students/1

PUT /students/1.json

def _____

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

respond_to do |format|

if @student.update_attributes(params[:student])

format. html { redirect_to @student, notice: ‘Student was successfully updated.’ }
format. json { head :no_content }

else

format. html { render action: “edit” }
format. json { render json: @student.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }

end

end

end

A

PUT /students/1

PUT /students/1.json

def update

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

respond_to do |format|

if @student.update_attributes(params[:student])

format. html { redirect_to @student, notice: ‘Student was successfully updated.’ }
format. json { head :no_content }

else

format. html { render action: “edit” }
format. json { render json: @student.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }

end

end

end

66
Q

Controller: Delete/Destroy

DELETE /students/1

DELETE /students/1.json

def _______

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

@student.destroy

respond_to do |format|

format. html { redirect_to students_url }
format. json { head :no_content }

end

end

end

A

DELETE /students/1

DELETE /students/1.json

def destroy

@student = Student.find(params[:id])

@student.destroy

respond_to do |format|

format. html { redirect_to students_url }
format. json { head :no_content }

end

end

end

67
Q

View: Index

A

Name Id

68
Q

View: Index Continued

A
69
Q

Partial:

A
70
Q

Partial Continued:

A
71
Q

View: New

A
72
Q

View: Edit

A
73
Q

Model Naming Conventions: Classes are _____ ______ , Rails turns them into _____ ______ and ________

A

•Classes are camel cased, Rails turns them into lower cased and underscored

74
Q

Model Naming Conventions:

•Classes are camel cased, Rails turns them into ____ _____ and ______________

–Class StudentEmployee creates a table student_employees

A

•Classes are camel cased, Rails turns them into lower cased and underscored

–Class StudentEmployee creates a table student_employees

75
Q

Controller Naming Convention

•If there is a ClassScheduler ___________

–Creates app/controllers/class_scheduler.rb

A

•If there is a ClassScheduler controller

–Creates app/controllers/class_scheduler.rb

76
Q

View Naming Convention:

  • app/helpers/class_scheduler.rb
  • ERb _________ in app/view/class_scheduler
A
  • app/helpers/class_scheduler.rb
  • ERb templates in app/view/class_scheduler
77
Q

Route Naming: If a _______ arrives for “admin/book”, _____ looks for a book_controller.rb in app/controllers/admin

A

•If a request arrives for “admin/book”, Rails looks for a book_controller.rb in app/controllers/admin

78
Q

ActiveRecord Automatic Additions:

•id – default primary key

–Can ______, but still reference via “id

A

•id – default primary key

–Can override, but still reference via “id

79
Q

ActiveRecord Automatic Additions:

•x_id – _______ key for a table named x

A

•x_id – foreign key for a table named x

80
Q

ActiveRecord Automatic Additions:

•created_at, created_on, updated_at, updated_on

–_at have a ______

A

•created_at, created_on, updated_at, updated_on

–_at have a time

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