Intro to Public Health Lecture

Question 1

Public Health

Answer 1

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals

Question 2

Public health aim

Answer 2

To provide maximum benefit for the largest number of people

Question 3

Social Justice principle of public health

Answer 3

People have a right to be healthy and support their health

Question 4

Clinical care

Answer 4

Prevention, treatment, and manaement of illness and preservation of mental and physical wellbeing through mservices offered by medical professionals

Question 5

Determinant

Answer 5

Factor that contributes to the generation of trait

Question 6

Epidemic/outbreak

Answer 6

Occurence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health related behavior, or other health related event clearly in EXCESS of normal expectancy. Both terms are used interchangeably, however epidemic usually refers to a larger geographic distribution

Question 7

Health outcome

Answer 7

Result of a medical condition that directly impacts the length or quality of a person’s life

Question 8

Sanitation and environmental health history

Answer 8

• 500BC greeks and romans practiced community sanitation matters
• 1840’s Public health act established in UK
• 1970 EPA founded to protect human health by guarding air, water, etc

Question 9

Pandemics definition and history

Answer 9

Pandemic is seen throughout the world

• 1918 500 million infected around world (spanish flu)
• 2009 19000 deaths from influenza outbreak
• 1955 Polio vaccine development
• HIV decrease in 20% since 2001

Question 10

Preparedness for disaster response history

Answer 10

• 14th century plague used as weapon of war
• Public health surveillance for emergency responders post 9/11
• Public health surveillance and disease treatment provision for hurricane katrina victims

Question 11

Policy history

Answer 11

• Book of Leviticus was first written public health code
• Tobacco laws
• Obesity food labeling and promotion of physical activity

Question 12

Public health approach steps (4)

Answer 12

1) Surveillance - what is the problem
2) Risk factor identification - what is the cause
3) Intervention evaluation - What works to fix while considering cultural and practical barriers
4) Implementation - How do you do it

Question 13

Public health survaillance

Answer 13

Science to monitor public health situation

Question 14

Epidemiology

Answer 14

enables us to determine where diseases originate, how or why they move through populations, and how we can prevent them.

Question 15

John Snow

Answer 15

Father of modern epidemiology, studied outbreak of cholera cases in 1854 to determine what factors were contributing to that disease process

Question 16

Public health laboratories

Answer 16

support public health by performing tests to confirm disease diagnoses. Laboratories also support public health by conducting research and training. Function to report outbreaks of things required by the department of health such as STI’s, lyme, etc

Question 17

Example - cholera 1850’s in London

Answer 17

1) John Snow surveyed the outbreaks and discovered the source of cholera outbreaks formed around a specific region
2) Realized those outbreaks were around individuals getting water from a pump
3) Figured that stopping the pump would fix it
4) Fought politicians to create a filter

Question 18

3 core functions of public health

Answer 18

1) Assessment to systematically collect, analyze, and make available information on healthy communities
2) Policy development to promote use of scientific knowledge base in policy making
3) Assurance that provision of services to those who need it

Question 19

Public health informatics

Answer 19

deals with the methods for collecting, compiling, and presenting health information. It enables us to use electronic data effectively when addressing a public health situation.

Question 20

10 essential public health services

Answer 20

Monitor Health
Diagnose and Investigate
Inform, Educate, Empower
Mobilize Community Partnership
Develop Policies
Enforce Laws
Link to/Provide Care
Assure a Competent Workforce
Evaluate
Research

Question 21

Example of local, state, and federal assurances on tobacco usage

Answer 21

Local - resources to help smokers quit made available in multiple languages
State - Funding for campaign through proposition 99
Federal - anti-smoking research

Question 22

Stakeholders in public health

Answer 22

• Media (vehicle for public discourse)
• Academia (education and training)
• Employers or business (wellness initiatives)
• Gov (policies of health
• Community
• Healthcare providers

Question 23

Diff between public health and healthcare

Answer 23

Population/individual focus
Prevention or health emphasis/diagnosis treatment emphasis
Public sector/private sector basis

Question 24

Health determinants (4) and their percentages

Answer 24

• Genes and biology (5%)
• Health behaviors (20%)
• Social or societal characteristics (50%)
• Health services or medical care (25%)

Question 25

Health impact pyramid

Answer 25

Plan to enact change in the determinants of health as a population, represent a tradeoff between personal effort of an individual to public health impact, with personal effort increasing moving up the pyramid and public health impact increasing moving down the pyramid (example, vaccines take little personal effort but have a huge public health impact)