Intro to Public Health Flashcards
What is Health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing rather than the mere abscence of disease or infirmity.
What is Public Health?
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society.
What are three core areas that enable Public health?
Protection, Promotion, and Prevention.
What is required in order to obtain the three core areas of Public health?
Governance, advocacy, capacity, and information.
What is the difference between Clinical medicine and Public health?
Clinical medicine focuses on the immediate issue and the individual. Ex: Fracture or broken leg
Public Health uses a more Holistic approach and seeks for the How/Why to prevent the situation from reoccurring. Ex: Was he/she under the influence of alcohol?
What is health determined by?
Complex interaction between many factors and determinants of health. Including individual, physical, social and economic environment
Who all are responsible for Public health?
All sectors of society. Including, Health departments, coordinated efforts (stakeholders), Private sector, NGO’s, and International organizations.
What is the CDC?
It is the U.S’ federal public health agency.
What is the CDC’s mission?
It is to support state and local health departments.
Does Public health study populations at a time?
Yes
Who were the first humans to practice community safety measures in 500 B.C?
Greeks and Romans
Who was the Public Health Act established by in the 1848?
United Kingdom
When was the Environmental Protection Agency founded?
1970
How many people were infected worldwide by influenza in 1918?
500 million
What vaccine was introduced in 1955; eradication initiative launched in 1988?
Polio
How many people are living with HIV worldwide?
37.9 million
What did the plague use as a weapon of war during the Siege of Kaffa?
Biological warfare
What date was Public Health surveillance conducted after the 9/11 attacks?
September 2001
What was provided during Hurricane Katrina to ensure safety and preparedness?
Emergency services, public health surveillance, and disease treatment.
What is the world’s first written health code?
Book of Leviticus
What laws are enforced to ban smoking in public places?
Tobacco Laws
What promotes Food labeling and promotion of physical activity?
Obesity
When was the CDC founded?
1946
How many people died by influenza in 1918?
50 million
Can public health data be used to influence public policy?
Yes! For example, in the U.S we have seat belt laws, because data showed mandating seat belts would be a good public health intervention.
What are the four Public Health approach?
Surveillance- What is the problem?
Risk Factor Identification- What is the cause?
Intervention Evaluation- What works?
Implementation- How do you do it?
What is Surveillance?
the act of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
What is Risk Factor Identification?
A condition, factor, or behavior that increases risk, in this case the risk of developing a specific disease, health condition, or injury.
Does the CDC have the power to enforce policy?
No
Does the State have the power to pass a law?
Yes! Ex: pass a law on vaccination requirements, seat belt, and helmet use etc.
Can local entities such as a county, town, or city have the power to implement programs to make health changes?
Absolutely!
What are the five U.S Government levels?
Federal, state, county, township, and city.
What constitution does the CDC fall under the 3 Branches of the U.S Government?
Executive Branch
What does the Executive Branch have the power to do?
Enforce laws
What does the CDC’s director oversee?
Both CDC and its sister agency ATSDR
What is Epidemiology?
the study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations.
What does Epi mean?
Epi means upon
What does Demi mean?
Demi means people
What are Epidemiological studies?
Descriptive and Analytic
What is Descriptive study in epidemiology?
It is the amount and distribution in populations person, place, and time.
What do you when studying Analytic study in epidemiology?
You test the hypothesis and identify/quantify risk or exposure.
What are the Descriptive study types?
Case reports
Case series
Ecological studies
Cross sectional or prevalence surveys
What are the Observational study types?
Case control
