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General Psychology > Intro to Psychology > Flashcards

Intro to Psychology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Early pioneers

A

Science of mental life

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2
Q

Behaviorists

A

Scientific study of observable behavior

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3
Q

Freudian

A

Emphasis on unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences

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4
Q

Humanistic psychologists

A

Stress on people’s growth potential

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5
Q

Cognitive psychologists

A

Scientific exploration of how information is perceived, processed, and remembered

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6
Q

Cognitive neuroscientists

A

Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with mental activity

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7
Q

Psychology

A

Science of behavior and mental processes

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8
Q

Behavior

A

Any action that can be observed and recorded

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9
Q

Mental processes

A

Internal states that are inferred from behavior

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10
Q

Neuroscience

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

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11
Q

Evolutionary

A

How the natural selection of traits passed down from one generation to the next has promoted the survival of genes

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12
Q

Behavior genetics

A

How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

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13
Q

Psychodynamic

A

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

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14
Q

Behavioral

A

How we learn observable responses

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15
Q

Cognitive

A

How we encode, process, store and retrieve information

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16
Q

Social-cultural

A

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

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17
Q

Eclectic approach

A

Focus on different parts of different perspectives

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18
Q

Clinical psychologist (PhD)

A

Studies, assesses, and treats using psychotherapy

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19
Q

Psychiatrist (MD)

A

Drugs and and psychotherapy to treat

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20
Q

Forensic psychologist

A

Apply psychology’s principles and methods in the criminal justice system; may consult on witnesses, or testify about a defendant’s state of mind and future risk

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21
Q

Big idea 1

A

Critical thinking is smart thinking

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22
Q

Big idea 2

A

Behavior is a biopsychosocial event

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23
Q

Big idea 3

Study These Flashcards
A

We operate with a two-track mind

24
Q

Big idea 4

Study These Flashcards
A

Psychology explores human strengths as well as challenges

25
Critical thinking
Thing that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
26
Biopsychosocial approach
Views human behavior from three levels: biological, psychological, social-cultural; each level's viewpoint provides valuable insight into a behavior or mental process
27
Dual processing
The principle that the mind processes at the same time on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
28
Positive psychology
Suggests that happiness is a by-product of a pleasant, engaged, and meaningful life
29
Nature
Inherited characteristics that influences personality, physical and intellectual growth, and social interactions
30
Nurture
Environmental factors such as parental styles, physical surroundings, and economic issues
31
Theory
A broad explanation that organizes and predicts behavior or events
32
Hypothesis
Testable prediction, often implied by a theory
33
Operational definition
Carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
34
Replication
Repeating the essence of a research study to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced
35
Case studies
Examine one individual or group in depth
36
Naturalistic observations
Technique of observing and recording behavior in a natural environment
37
Surveys
Techniques for obtaining self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a group
38
Wording effect
Subtle changes in the wording of a question can have major effects of the survey crowd`
39
Random sample
Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
40
Correlation
Measure of the extent to which two events vary together; measure of how well either one predicts the other
41
Correlation coefficient
Mathematical expression of the relationship; ranges from -1.00 to +1.00: 0 indicates no relationship
42
Positive correlation (above 0 to +1.00)
Indicates a direct relationship; two things increase together or decrease together
43
Negative correlation (below 0 to -1.00)
Indicates an inverse relationship; as one thing increases, the other decreases
44
Weak correlation
Coefficient near zero; indicates little or no relationship
45
Experiment
A method in which researchers vary one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
46
Random assignment
Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing any preexisting differences between the groups
47
Experimental group
Group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
48
Control group
Group not exposed to the treatment; serves as a comparison with the experimental group for judging the effect of the treatment
49
Double-blind procedure
A procedure in which both the participants and the research staff are ignorant about who has received the treatment or a placebo
50
Placebo
Inactive substance or condition that is given to those in a control group in place of the treatment given to the experimental group
51
Placebo effect
Results caused by expectations alone
52
Independent variable
Factor that is manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied
53
Confounding variable
Factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study's results
54
Dependent variable
Factor that is measured; variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated
55
Descriptive
To observe and record behavior
56
Correlational
To detect naturally occurring relationships; to assess how well one variable predicts another
57
Experimental
To explore cause and effect

General Psychology (2 decks)

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