Intro to Psychodiagnostics Flashcards
DSM-5 Criteria for mental disorders
A syndrome characterized by clinically sig disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behaviour
Comorbidity
presence of co-occurring mental disorders
Positions on mental disorders
- MDs are real neurobiological entities that can be measured through scientific methods
- Constructs of time and place
- Concept of MDs = social constructs for control, should be rejected outright
- Benefit some (big pharma) and disadvantage others (gay and trans)
Reasons for diagnostic inflation
- Increased knowledge and research
- tech advances in coms between practitioners
- lowered diagnostic threshold
- Pharma marketing
- increase in diagnoses and prescriptions
- social perfectionism
- Access to healthcare
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Evidence of modest decline in performance of cognitive domains
- learning
- memory
- language
- perceptual motor
- social cognition
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder based on
- Concern of the individual, informant or clinician about mild decline
- Modest impairment in cog. performance, seen through standardized neurospsych test
- Does not interfere with independence but comp strategies are needed
Binge-Eating Disorder
- Recurrent episodes of binge-eating characterized by:
- Eating in a discrete period of time much more than a normal person would
- A lack of control during these periods
- once a week for 3months
- Not associated with compensatory behaviour (e.g. bulimia/anorexia)
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder predicts?
- Alzheimers but no real sign of predictor + no clear treatment plans (15-25% go on to develop it)
Binge-eating episodes contain 3+?
- Eating faster than usual
- Eating until uncomfortably full
- Eating a lot without being hungry
- Eating alone
- Disgust, depression and guilt
Internet Gaming Disorder
- A persistent, recurring use of internet games leading to sig impairment or distress
- over a 1yr period
Internet Gaming Disorder 5+ symptoms?
- preoccupation with games
- withdrawal symptoms
- heightened tolerance
- tried stopping and failed
- lost interest in other activities
- keeps going despite psychosocial issues
- Has deceived others about gaming habits
- lost a sig. relationship
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder
-Since death of a loved one, symptoms experienced to a clinically sig degree persisting for 12 in adults and 6 in kids on more days than not
- Persistent yearning/longing
- intense pain/sorrow
- preoccupation with person
- preoccupation with death circumstances
6 symptoms of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder
Reactive distress to death (denial):
- anger
- bitterness
- self-blame
- avoidance
- denial
Social/identity Disruption:
- Feeling alone
- life is empty
- difficulty trusting
- difficulty planning for future
Causes clinically sig impairment in functioning
out of prop with cultural, religious or age appropriate norms
Frances & Widiger
- Diagnostic conservatism combats diagnostic inflation
- high standard of scientific evidence required for changes in criteria + new diagnoses
- Wide and transparent consultation vs. confidentiality of DSM-5
- Small changes have big consequences (lowering threshold means false positives)
- Risks vs. Benefits - pathologizing norms vs. ignoring those who need treatment
