Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology and psychiatry (IHD) > Intro to psychiatry > Flashcards

Intro to psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychiatry?

A

Psychiatry is the medical specialty concerned with the recognition and treatment of disorders of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How common are psychiatric problems?

A

One in four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anxiety (neurotic) disorders

A

Anxiety is said to be pathological when it becomes too intense, frequent or persistent, and as a consequence interferes with the functioning of the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anxiety

A

Anxiety is a normal experience to a perceived threat or danger
It serves to mobilise energy reserves for action and enhances performance by increasing arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Psychological symptoms of anxiety

A 
Sense of dread
Irritability
Fear of loss of control	 
Avoidance
Panic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical symptoms of anxiety

A 
Palpitations
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
‘Butterflies’
Sweating
Dry mouth
Nausea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Generalised anxiety disorder

A

The anxiety experienced is not confined to a specific situation but is pervasive
Anxiety is experienced more days than not
Understandably, whilst frequently anxious, anxiety levels typically rise in stressful situations
May result in panic attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phobic disorders

A

In common these are situational, predictable, with anticipatory anxiety and avoidance
Common in general population but only 2% considered “severely disabling”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of phobic disorders

A

Simple phobias
-specific animal phobias
Social phobia
Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dental phobia =

A

Odontophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Possible presentations of odontophobia

A

Delayed presentation
Looking anxious
Cancel appointments at short notice / fail to attend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Possible reasons for odontophobia

A

Specific phobia (e.g. drills, needles, sounds, smells)
Anxiety about somatic reactions (gagging, injection)
Generalized anxiety disorder
Social phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevention of dental anxiety

A 
Dental health education
Calm, sympathetic paced approach
Honest and tactful explanation of procedures
Relaxed, welcoming atmosphere
Confident and professional manner
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of dental anxiety

A

Education regarding anxiety
Relaxation techniques
Desensitisation (graded exposure)
Short term pharmacological anxiolytics (e.g. diazepam)
Long term pharmacological antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

The affected person is excessively concerned about a perceived defect in his or her physical features
May well present to dentists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Abnormal preoccupation about the presence of an underlying serious physical disease
Pts can place an abnormal interpretation upon a normal sensation (e.g. transient dry mouth is proof of oral cancer)
Often very difficult to persuade pts that symptoms might have largely psychological component

17
Q

Somatoform pain

A

The cause is psychological rather than organic/physical

  • absence of organic pathology
  • evidence of a psychological cause
18
Q

Key characteristics of somatoform pain

A

Inconsistent with anatomical landmarks
May be continuous and bilateral
May prevent sleep but does not wake patient
Repeated negative investigations
Analgesia ineffective
Associated with emotional factors and may have symbolic meaning

19
Q

Affective disorders

A

Alterations of mood are a normal part of life
Extremes of mood, if accompanied by associated symptoms and impaired function can be delineated into ‘illnesses’
Mood can go up as well as down
-unipolar affective disorder
-bipolar affective disorder

20
Q

Depression epidemiology

A

10% of men

20% of women

21
Q

Depression symptoms

A 
Depressed mood
2 weeks or more
Lack of energy
Loss of enjoyment
Poor appetite/ Weight loss
Sleep disturbance
Loss of libido
Psychomotor retardation
Poor concentration
Guilt and worthlessness
Hopelessness / Suicidal ideation
Delusions / hallucinations
22
Q

Bipolar affective disorder

A 
Elevated mood may be a normal experience
Most pts with mania also experience depression
Very disruptive condition
Men and women are at equal risk
1% of population
23
Q

Mania symptoms

A 
Elated or irritable mood
-for more than 1 week
Or
-resulting in admission
Over-activity
Disinhibition
Risk taking activity
Distractibility
Reduced need for sleep
Inflated self esteem
Rapid, loud speech
Racing thoughts
Delusions/ Hallucinations
24
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric condition:
-abnormal thoughts and experiences
-reduction in drive, social function and alteration in personality and emotion
The age of onset is usually in early/mid adulthood
Male=Female, 1 in 100

25
Q

“positive” symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Passivity phenomena
Thought disorder

26
Q

“Negative” symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Social withdrawal
Emotional blunting
Apathy (lack of drive, motivation and volition)

27
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A 
Body weight <15% expected
BMI <17.5
Self induced weight loss
Body image distortion
Widespread endocrine disorder
Arrest of puberty
28
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Pervasive preoccupation with eating
Attempts to counteract the fattening effects of food
Morbid dread of fatness

29
Q

Eating disorders and dental problems

A

Erosion of dental enamel
Thermal hypersensitivity (cold/hot sensitive)
Salivary gland enlargement
Dryness of the mouth and decreased salivary flow
Redness of the throat and palate
Reddened, dry, and cracked lips and fissures at angles to the lips

30
Q

Screening for alcohol misuse

A

CAGE

  • have you ever felt you should Cut down?
  • are you Annoyed if people comment on your drinking?
  • do you feel Guilty about the amount you drink?
  • have yo ever drunk early in the morning as an Eye-opener?
31
Q

Personality disorders

A

Severe disturbance in the characterological constitution and behavioural tendencies of the individual
Associated with considerable personal and social disruption
Appear in late childhood/adolescence
Persist into adulthood.

32
Q

Dementia

A

An acquired impairment of global cognitive function which is progressive & irreversible

  • alzheimer’s Dementia
  • vascular Dementia
  • frontotemporal Dementia
  • other
33
Q

Delirium

A 
A reversible state characterised by:
-impairment of consciousness
-disturbed attention
-perceptual abnormalities
-emotional disturbances
-disturbed sleep wake cycle
Fast onset
34
Q

Causes of delirium

A

Infection
Drugs
Systemic illness

35
Q

The health of dentists

A

Doctors and Dentists are a vulnerable population
They can have a wide-range of difficulties, including burnout, stress, anxiety, depression, substance misuse and enduring mental illness.
Several occupational groups in the UK appear to have considerably elevated risk of suicide.
-these include farmers, doctors, dentists, pharmacists and veterinary surgeons

Neurology and psychiatry (IHD) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions