Intro to psychiatric medicine and the DSMV Flashcards
What are some considerations in the organization of psychopathology?
Unlike medicine, the behavioral system:
- has no identifiable structures
- is not defined by a single physiological function
Discuss the organization of psychopathology.
- the behavioral system integrates all organ systems and the complex interaction between biological, behavioral, cognitive, sociocultural, and environmental variables
- breakdown in this interaction or in any of the variables contributes to psychopathology
Describe some characteristics of medical diagnosis.
- a medical disorder is a constellation of symptoms that are associated with a cause, mode of transmission, age of onset, natural course of symptoms and treatments
- medical diagnoses facilitate communications between providers and researchers and also informs treatment planning
Are the characteristics of psychiatric diagnoses similar to medical diagnosis?
Yes.
What is the DSMV?
A guide or tool for psychiatric diagnoses that is based on available research data.
What is an important component of a psychiatric diagnosis that became part of the diagnosis starting with DSM-IV?
In order to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder there must be some type of clinically significant distress or functional disability - just having symptoms is not enough.
A psychiatric disorder is ….?
Criterion based. It includes elements of symptom severity, distress and disability. A culturally sanctioned behavior is NOT considered a psychiatric disorder.
What were some shortcomings of the DSM-IV that the DSM-V tries to address?
- disorders have high rates of comorbidity
- there was high use of the ‘not otherwise specified’ category
- treatment non-specificity
- inability to find a laboratory marker/test
- DSM was starting to hinder research progress
How many sections does the DSM-V have?
Three sections plus an appendix and index.
What does Section I of DSM-V include?
- brief development history of the DSM-V
- guidance on the use of the manual
- definition of a mental disorder
- cautionary forensic statement
- brief DSM-V classification summary
What is the definition of a mental disorder?
A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in thee psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as described above.
What is an important quality of a diagnosis of a mental disorder?
It should have a clinical utility - it should help clinicians to determine prognosis, treatment plans, and potential treatment outcomes for patients. Diagnosis is NOT equivalent to a need for treatment.
Approaches to validating diagnostic criteria for discrete categorical mental disorders have included what types of evidence?
- antecedent validators - similar genetic markers, family traits, temperament, environmental exposure
- concurrent validators - similar neural substrates, biomarkers, emotional and cognitive processing and symptom similarity
- predictive validators - similar clinical course and treatment response
What does Section II of DSMV include?
It includes a listing of all the mental disorders and their:
- criteria
- subtypes and or specifiers
- severity
- explanatory text - including diagnostic and associated features, prevalence, development and course, risk and prognosis, culture and gender related factors, diagnostic markers and functional consequences
Section III of DSMV includes what?
- emerging measures and models
2. conditions that warrant further study
