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intro to psych > Intro to Psych Unit 1 Pt 1 > Flashcards

Intro to Psych Unit 1 Pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the overarching meaning of psychology?

A

The study of behavior (feeling, saying, hearing, and doing)

“Why we do what we do”

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2
Q

Perspectives of Psychology

A

-Biological
-Learning
-Cognitive
-Sociocultural

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3
Q

Biological Perspective

A

bodily events affect behavior
-electrical impulses/ chemical substances, genes etc.
(ex chronic pain that can be relieved through anger)

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4
Q

Learning Perspective

A

environment affects behavior
-behavior is encouraged or discouraged
(ex looking for attention for they lash out)

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5
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

focuses on how the mind works
-thought process in perception, memory, language, problem solving.
(ex. growing up thinking he’s not worth so he lashes out. )

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6
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

how social and cultural forces affect behavior
-things ingrained in us since day one, social norms
(ex. saying bless you after someone sneezes)

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7
Q

critical thinking guides

A
  1. ability to wonder
  2. define your terms
  3. examine the evidence
  4. analyze assumptions and bias
  5. avoid emotional reasoning
  6. don’t oversimplify
  7. consider other interpretations
    tolerate uncertainty
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8
Q

Research methods: Descriptive studies

A

Describing and predicting behavior

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9
Q

Case Study

A

detailed description of an indiviual being studied or treated

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10
Q

observational study

A

researcher records and observes behavior without interference
(naturalistic vs laboratory)

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11
Q

psychological test: objective

A

measures beliefs, feelings and behaviors that we are aware of.

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12
Q

psychological test: projective

A

tapping into subconscious (the inkblot test)

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13
Q

Surveys

A

Questionnaires or interviews that ask people about their experiences, attitudes, and opinions.

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14
Q

correlational studies

A

looking at a relationship between two or more phenomena
-correlation does not equal causation
-typical trend

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15
Q

variables

A

characteristics of behavior of behavior of experiences that can be measured or described.

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16
Q

experiments

A

a controlled test of a hypothesis

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17
Q

independent variable

A

manipulated variable

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18
Q

dependent variable

A

variable we measure

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19
Q

confound

A

possible wrench in experiment

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20
Q

placebo

A

fake treatment

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21
Q

cross sectional study

A

comparing to different groups at the same time.

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22
Q

longitudinal study

A

one group over extended period of time
(measure at 13, 20, 35)

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23
Q

single blind study

A

participants unaware of which group they are in

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24
Q

double blind study

A

both participants and researchers unaware of which group consist of who

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25
Q

field research

A

empirical research done in naturalistic setting

26
Q

nervous system

A

gathers and processes info, produces a response to stimuli

27
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

-recieves, processes, interprets and stores incoming sensory information.
- consists of brain and spinal cord

28
Q

sensory information

A

tastes, sounds, smells, pressure on skin, state of internal organs

29
Q

spinal cord

A

sends signals between brain and body

30
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

tackles input and output of central nervous system
-motor nerves
has two parts somatic and autonomic

31
Q

moter nerves

A

causes glands to contract and secrete substances (hormones)
-enables us to move
(ex ears allow you take in sounds)

32
Q

somatic

A

has nerves connected to skeletal muscles
-permit voluntary action

33
Q

autonomic

A

it reacts before the brain can process it
-regulates internal organs and glands

34
Q

Glia

A

caretaker of neurons
-gives neurons nutrients, insulation, assistance in growing, remove debris

communicate chemically with each other and with other neurons
-neurons fail with them

plays a role in learning and memory

35
Q

neurons

A

building blocks of the nervous system
-transmit info to and from within the CNS

36
Q

dendrites

A

Antenna, branch like
-receives information from other neurons.
-transmit info to cell body. -completes some initial processing

37
Q

cell body

A

heart of the operation
-keeps neurons alive
-includes cell’s nucleus
-determine whether to fire or not (sending out electrical impluses)

38
Q

axon

A

transmits messages away from the cell body

39
Q

receptor sites

A

molecules in recieving neuron’s dendrites or cell body

40
Q

reuptake

A

neurotransmitter molecules return to releasing cells

41
Q

excitatory effect (exciting)

A

decreases in negative charge –> neuron fires

42
Q

inhibitory effect (calming)

A

increases in negative charge
-neuron less likely to fire

43
Q

neurotransmitters

A

power to excite or inhibit another neuron
-exists in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and some glands
-controls every action of the brain

44
Q

serotonin (type of transmitter)

A

involved in sleep, appetite, sensory perception, temp regulation, pain suppression and mood

45
Q

dopamine (type of transmitter)

A

involved in voluntary movement, attention, learning, memory, emotion; pleasure and reward behavior

46
Q

acetylchroline (type of transmitter)

A

involved in muscle action, arousal, vigilance, memory and emotion

47
Q

norepinephrine (type of transmitter)

A

involved in increased heart rate and slowing of intestinal activity during stress
involved in learning, memory, dreaming, waking from sleep, and emotion

48
Q

GABA

A

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
-keeping out positive ions or bringing in more negative ions)

49
Q

Glutamate

A

main exhibitory neurotransmitter

50
Q

hormones

A

-secreted by organs
-released in blood stream
-long distance messengers
-promotes bodily growth

51
Q

melationin

A

secreted by pineal gland deep within the brain
-helps regulate daily biological rhythms and promotes sleep

52
Q

oxytocin

A

-secreted by the pituitary gland
-enhances uterine contractions during childbirth
-promotes social attachment

53
Q

adrenal

A

produced by adrenal glands
-involved in emotion, stress, heat, cold, pain injury, and physical exercise
-increases blood sugar (too much can cause diabetes)
-boosts energy
-preps you for action (too much –> constant fight mode)

54
Q

sex hormones

A

secreted by tissue in gonads and adrenal glands
-testes for males
ovaries for females

55
Q

androgens

A

mascilinizing hormones

56
Q

estrogens

A

feminizing hormones

57
Q

progesterone

A

growth maintenance of uterine lining.

58
Q

neuromodulators

A

the brain’s volume control (bringing down the pain)

59
Q

endorphins

A

chemicals involved in pain reductions, pleasure, mood, learning and memory

60
Q
A

intro to psych (2 decks)

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