Intro to psych stats Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

Are a set of tools that help us to summarize, organize, and collect data

A

Statistics

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2
Q

They are a set of systematic measurements

A

Data

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3
Q

A characteristic or condition of an object or human
that has different values for different individuals

A

Variable

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4
Q

is the group of all people or
objects that we are interested in

A

Population

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5
Q

A value that describes
a population

A

Population parameter

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6
Q

the sample is selected so that each member of the
population has an equal chance of being selected

A

Random sample

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6
Q

Subset of a population

A

Sample

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7
Q

A value that describes a sample

A

Sample statistics

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8
Q

allow us to summarize, organize and simplify data

A

Descriptive statistics

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9
Q

tell us about the
average value

A

Measures of central tendency

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10
Q

tell us how similar the
data are to the average value

A

Measures of dispersion

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11
Q

allow us to study samples
and then make generalizations about the population from which they were selected

A

Inferential statistics

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12
Q

are imperfect representations of parameters

A

Sample

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13
Q

the discrepancy between a
sample statistic and a population parameter

A

Sampling error

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14
Q

involves
measuring two (or more) variables to
determine whether there is a relationship
between them

A

Correlational method

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15
Q

are a special type of research
in which all the variables except the independent and dependent variables are
held constant

16
Q

the variable that the
researcher systematically manipulates

A

Independent variable

17
Q

the variable that the
researcher measures or records

A

Dependent variable

18
Q

the group that does not
receive the treatment

A

Control condition

19
Q

the group that receives
the treatment

A

Treatment condition

20
Q

Why does the performance in the treatment condition is
compared to performance in the control condition?

A

to see if the treatment had an
effect

21
Q

What is the main advantage of performing experiments?

A

they allow us, using
statistics, to infer if the independent
variables causes the change in the dependent variable

22
Q

is similar to a real
experiment except that the participants have
been assigned to the various groups based
on some characteristic of the participant

A

Quasi-experimental

23
Q

consists of separate,
indivisible categories. No values can exist
between two neighboring categories

A

Discrete variable

23
can be either discrete (or discontinuous) or continuous
Variable
23
This variable can have any value
Continuous variable
23
are the boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a continuous number line
Real limits
23
What is the first step in any stats analysis?
determine the level of measurement; it tells us what statistical tests can and cannot be performed
23
These characteristics are referred to as __ of the variable
Level of measurement
24
deal with qualitative (and not quantitative) differences
Nominal variables
24
consists of a set of categories that have different names in no particular order
Nominal scale
25
consists of a set of categories organized in an ordered sequence. Spacing between categories is not equal
Ordinal scale
26
consists of ordered categories that are all intervals of exactly the same size. The 0 point is arbitrary
INterval scale
27
is an interval scale with an absolute zero
Ratio scale
28
What does it mean when a variable is subscripted?
It implies that you should deal with a particular observation