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Psych Exam 1 > Intro to Psych > Flashcards

Intro to Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental Health Overview

A
  • lifelong process of successful adaptation to an ever-changing internal and external environment
  • positive/adaptive coping mechanisms
  • individual is in contact with reality and the environment
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2
Q

Resilience

A

-ability to function with healthy responses even when experiencing significant stress and adversity

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3
Q

What is resilience influenced by?

A
  • optimism, or belief that a positive outcome is possible in the situation they are currently facing
  • self efficancy, or belief that they have the ability to complete the tasks needed to take control of situations which influence their life
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4
Q

Coping

A
  • can be emotion focused or problem focused

- problem focused is use of more problem solving and finding meaning

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5
Q

Ability to function

A
  • within occupational or school environment

- within a family system

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6
Q

Cognitive Coping

A

emotional: oh its not that bad
problem: what are my odds of surviving

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7
Q

Behavioral Coping

A

emotional: physical activity to avoid thinking about the stressful event
problem: adhereing to a health care plan

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8
Q

Affective Coping

A

emotional: hoping for a miracle
problem: keeping feelings from interfering

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9
Q

Erikson’s Stage: Young Adulthood

A

18-25 years (intimacy vs. Isolation)

successful: developing healthy romantic relationships without losing personal identity
unsuccessful: isolation, avoidance of intimacy, fear of commitment

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10
Q

Erikson’s Stage: Adulthood

A

25-65 years (generativity vs. stagnation)

successful: productivity and creativity. Desire to care for and guide offspring
(if no kids, guide next generation)

unsuccessful: self-preoccupation, primary attainment of pleasure through self indulgence, stagnation

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11
Q

Erikson’s Stage: Maturity

A

65-death (integrity vs. despair)

successful: sense of peace concerning life experiences, life choices framed within meaningful context, development of wisdom
unsuccessful: life experiences framed by bitterness/regret, may progress to hopelessness/depression

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12
Q

Mental Illness

A
  • loss of the ability to respond to the environment in ways that are in accord with one’s own or society’s expectations
  • characterized by thoughts, feelings, or behavior patterns that impair functioning and cause the individual (or others!) distress
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13
Q

Adaptations to Stress with mental illness

A
  • feels out of control with self and with the environment
  • has a negative perception of the environment/life in general
  • has ineffective coping mechanisms
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14
Q

Personality Characteristics of mental illness

A
  • non-accepting of self and dislikes self
  • unrealistic perception of strengths and weaknesses
  • thoughts and perceptions may not be reality based
  • unable to find meaning and purpose in life
  • lacks direction and productivity in life
  • has difficulty in meeting own needs
  • adapative vs maladaptive responses/behaviors/coping skills
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15
Q

Interpersonal Relationships with mental illness

A
  • unable to love and care for others (with appropriate and healthy boundaries)
  • unable to feel loved by others or accept feelings from others
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16
Q

Historical timeline of mental illness treatment

A

1793: released from chains in Paris Hospital

Mid 19th century: continued belief in moral causes of mental illness

1847-1851: Hope Retreat

1937: Electric Shock Therapy
1946: National Institute of Mental Health
1950: Intro of Psychotropic drugs
1963: Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 (De-institutionalization of care)
2008: mental health parity
2010: Affordable care act

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17
Q

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing

A
  • diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential mental health problems
  • specialized area of nursing practice
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18
Q

Psych nursing draws from multiple theoretical models

A
  • biological
  • counseling
  • Hildegard Peplau’s
  • Therapeutic use of self
  • QSEN
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19
Q

Influence of Hildegard Peplau

A
  • introduced the concept of a therapeutic relationship
  • different from social relationship
  • requires therapeutic use of self
  • important for nurse to have self awareness/understanding of own philospohies about life, death and human condition
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20
Q

conditions that promote development of a therapeutic relationship

A
  • trust
  • genuineness
  • empathy
  • rapport
  • respect
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21
Q

Stages of Therapeutic relationship

A
  1. preinteraction
  2. orientation
  3. working
    4 termination
22
Q

the focus of a therapeutic relationship

A

-promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illness in individuals, families, and groups in the communities

23
Q

Collaborative Inpatient care

A

-physician, nurse, social services, occupational therapy and mental health counselors, peer specialists

24
Q

The physician creates a diagnosis based on…

A
  • assessment
  • data gathered by other disciplines
  • DSM 5
25
Q

Social services…

A

helps the patient find placement

26
Q

DSM 5

A

is short for the diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Illness version 5

  • lists psychiatric diagnoses
  • lists criteria patients need to meet to be diagnosed with a disorder
27
Q

Role of the nurse

A
  • safe milieu
  • therapeutic milieu
  • safe practice
  • ethical and legal guidelines
28
Q

Safety

A
  • focus on maintaining safety of patients and staff
  • accomplished through prevention
  • monitoring patients
  • assessing patients: implementing safety precautions prn
  • controlling contraband
  • milieu management strategies
  • culture of safety implemented at some hospitals includes evidence based interventions
29
Q

Milieu Therapy

A

Basic Assumptions:

  • all patients have strengths as well as limitations
  • every interaction is an opportunity for therapeutic intervention
  • patients participate in making decisions and solving problems on the units
  • personal responsibility is encouraged
  • peer pressure used to give feedback
  • inappropriate behaviors processed
  • no restrictions or punishments: use group discussion first
30
Q

Safe Practice

A
  • knowledge of medication purpose, dosage range, primary side effects
  • self awareness: insight into how individual communication is affecting patient
  • therapeutic communication to help patient identify thoughts and feelings
  • collaboration with interdisciplinary team to maintain safety
  • requires knowledge of mental health disorders, how to assess mental status and identify mental status changes
31
Q

Legal guidelines: Two categories of admission

A
  • voluntary status

- involuntary status

32
Q

Involuntary Admission

A
  • after initial 72 hrs, client may be asked to sign voluntary admission to further tx/stabilization
  • judicial process required to extend original baker act
33
Q

Who can initiate Baker Act in Florida?

A
  • any physician
  • psychiatrist
  • psychologist
  • psych ARNP
  • LCSW/LMHC
  • Police offices
  • court order, ex-parte order
34
Q

Ethical considerations for baker act

A
  • the right to treatment
  • confidentiality
  • only those involved in client’s care should have access to the information divulged by the client
35
Q

Confidentiality

A

client needs to know that his/her info will be shared with the tx team and that there are limits to what can be kept secret

-beware of agreeing to keep info secret

36
Q

Duty to Warn

A
  • Tarasoff Case

- failure to warn a potential victim that he/she is in danger

37
Q

Rights of the Mentally Ill

A
  • clients have all the civil rights of any citizen, except the right to leave the hospital in the care of involuntary commitment
  • can refuse treatment (except under life threatening conditions or emergency tx orders)
38
Q

Any restrictions of the client’s freedom….

A

must be made by MDs or with a court order with a verifiable, documented reason

39
Q

Restraints

A

direct application of physical force to a person without his/her permission to restrict freedom of movement.

Force can be human, mechanical or a combo

40
Q

Restraints used only to…

A

prevent injury to client or someone else

41
Q

Reason for restraints…

A

must be justified and documented and have physician order

42
Q

Strict guidelines for use are…

A

spelled out in policies and procedures

43
Q

If restraints not documented….

A

agency can lose license and nurse sued for battery

44
Q

Seclusion

A

involuntary confinement of a person in a specially constructed, locked room (usually has a window or camera for visual monitoring)

-provides decreased stimulation, protecting of others from the client, prevention of property destruction, and privacy for the client

45
Q

Goal to seclusion

A

give the client the opportunity to regain physical and emotional self-control

-must be closely monitored

46
Q

Nurse’s documentation for seclusion

A

-must justify seclusion as well we document the occurence

47
Q

Release from seclusion

A

-as soon as possible, the client is informed of the behavioral criteria for release from seclusion

48
Q

Informed consent

A

-client must receive enough information to make a decision about treatment and to communicate that decision to others

49
Q

Least Restrictive Environment

A

-clients have the right to treatment in the least restrictive environment that is appropriate for their needs while maintaining their safety and that of others

50
Q

EBP for mental health

A
  • 6 core strategies to reduce use of seclusion and restraints
  • leadership toward organizational change
  • use of data to inform practice
  • workforce development
  • use of S/R reduction tools
  • consumer roles in inpatient settings
  • debriefing techniques

Psych Exam 1 (5 decks)

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