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SEI > Intro to Programming Languages > Flashcards

Intro to Programming Languages Flashcards

1
Q

UX Designer

A

User Experience (UX) designer - the person responsible for making a website enjoyable and easy to navigate.

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2
Q

Wireframe

A

The blueprint for a website in the form of a sketch. A wireframe shows how a user will be able to navigate the different pages and sections of a site using basic layout and annotations.

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3
Q

Visual Designer

A

The person responsible for how a website will look. They determine the layout, color, typography use of images, and more.

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4
Q

Front-End Developer

A

The person responsible for bringing a website design to life with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. They are responsible for what we as users see, touch and interact with on a website.

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5
Q

Back-End Developer

A

The person responsible for giving a website a “memory” by writing code to manage and interact with databases- super-efficient data storage and management programs. This code is often written in languages like PHP, Python, and Ruby.Backend developers are the behind-the-scene folks.

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6
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language- A front-end language that is responsible for defining the content on the page, including images, headers, and paragraphs.

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7
Q

CSS

A

Cascading Style Sheets- A front-end language that is responsible for describing styles, such as layout, size, and color of the content.

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8
Q

JavaScript

A

A front-end programming language that is responsible for the behaviors and actions of a website’s content, such as drop down menus.

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9
Q

Back-End Languages

A

Any number of programming languages that are responsible for:

  • Giving the application/webpage a ‘memory’- storing data, such as usernames and passwords.
  • Talking to the database- getting, adding, removing, and updating data; like password resets
  • Handling page request-sending the correct page to the user, such s a version of the homepage when the suer is logged in vs logged out
  • Authentaication users- enabling users to create accounts and log in our out.
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10
Q

GUI

A

Graphical User Interface - A user interface that allows human to easily interact with computers. The GUI hosts the icons, images, text, and gestural capabilities you regularly use.

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11
Q

Command Line Interface

A

An interface use to communicate with a computer using text alone.

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12
Q

Terminal Application

A

Also know as a shell. it is the portal to the command line.

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13
Q

Bash

A

The default shell provided on Mac OS X and Ubuntu Linux. It is a way to access the command line on these systems.

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14
Q

Text Editor

A

A program for creating and editing plain text files (files that have no formatting whatsoever)

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15
Q

Root Directory

A

The top-most folder in a file system. All other files and directories are contained within the root directory.

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16
Q

Path

A

The precise address to a specific directory or file in a file system.

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17
Q

Absolute Path

A

A file address that starts from the root directory and lists all of the parent directories and child directories along the way.

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18
Q

Relative Path

A

A relative path starts from your current position in a folder structure, referencing a given file or folder based on this starting position.

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19
Q

pwd

A

“Print Working Directory”

we use this command when we want the command line to tell us which folder (or directory) of our computer we’re in currently.

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20
Q

ls

A

“List”

List the contents of a folder

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21
Q

cd

A

“Change directory” Navigates to a particular folder on your computer.

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22
Q

Flag

A

Part of a command. A flag sets options to tell the command line how to do what It’s about to do.

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23
Q

Option

A

Extra settings that are applied to commands.

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24
Q

touch

A

Creates a file.

Example: To create. file called “sillycat”, the command would be:

$touch sillycat.txt

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25
Q

mkdir

A

“make directory”
creates a specified folder.

Example: To create a folder called_animal_memes_, the command is $ mkdir animal_memes

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26
Q

mv

A

“Move”

Moves specified files or folders to a specified destination.

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27
Q

rm

A

“Remove”

Deletes specified files from your computer.

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28
Q

cp

A

“Copy”

Copies specified files or folders to a specified location.

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29
Q

Version Control

A

A system that saves the various stages/iterations of a project. It allows users to revert back to older versions as needed.

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30
Q

Git

A

A popular version control program.

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31
Q

Repository

A

Often called a “repo”. It is a directory within a version control program.

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32
Q

Branching

A

A feature of version control programs that makes it easy to keep track of parallel versions of a project.

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33
Q

Commit

A

A “save” made to a repository.

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34
Q

GitHub

A

GitHub is a platform that manages Git repositories in the cloud. ON GitHub, developers can share their code, comment on it, and review code changes among one another.

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35
Q

Fork a Repository

A

A GitHub command that adds a copy of someone else’s GitHub repo to your GitHub account.

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36
Q

git clone

A

A GitHub command that copies a remote repo to your working directory.

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37
Q

git push

A

A GitHub command that updates your remote repo with changes that you made and committed.

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38
Q

Pull request

A

A message to the original owner of a GitHub repo. It requests that changes in your forked copy be added to the repository.

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39
Q

Elements

A

Provide the basic structure for any website. They consist of opening and closing tags, and the content between those tags.

Tags indicate to a browser exactly what kind of content is being loaded and the basic structure of that content.

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40
Q

Attribute

A

Information added than HTML opening tag. The format is: attribute name = “value.”

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41
Q

<h1>tag</h1>

A

Creates heading-style text. Smaller headings are <h2>, <h3> through <h6>.</h6></h3></h2>

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42
Q

<p>tag</p>

A

Creates paragraphs.

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43
Q

<a>tag</a>

A

“Anchor” creates a link.

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44
Q

HTML Boilerplate

A

A. set of common HTML elements that helps us easily organize and begin building code.

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45
Q

CSS Rules

A

the basic building blocks for CSS. A CSS rule consist of a selector (HTML, class, or ID) and one or more declarations.

46
Q

RGB Color System

A

Red, green blue color system

A system that uses a series of alpha-numeric characters to describe colors in CSS, In RGB, red, green and blue values range from 0 to 255. Any one color has a red value, a green value and a blue value within this range.

47
Q

Hexadecimal (Hex)

A

A system that uses a series of alpha-numeric characters to describe colors in CSS. IN the Hex system, red, green and blue values range from 0-9 and then continue with letters A-F.

48
Q

Serif Typeface

A

A category of fonts in which letters are embellished with small lines.

49
Q

Sans Serif Typeface

A

A category of fonts in which letters lack serifs (small decorative lines at the end of strokes).

50
Q

Monospace Typeface

A

A category of fonts in which letters and characters have horizontal measurement.

51
Q

font-family

A

A CSS property used to apply a font to a text element.

52
Q

font-size

A

A CSS property used to apply a pixel-value size to a text element.

53
Q

font-weight

A

A CSS property used to apply a thickness value to a text element.

54
Q

text-align

A

A CSS property used to adjust the justification of a text element.

55
Q

text-decoration

A

A CSS property used to add underlining, over-lining, or strike through to a text element.

56
Q

text-transform

A

A CSS property used to adjust the capitalization f a text element.

57
Q

ID

A

An HTML attribute that specifies a unique ID for an HTML element. Each ID should only be used once.

58
Q

Class

A

An HTML attribute that provides a label for an HTML element. They are intended to group elements, so each one should be used multiple times.

59
Q

Semantic Element

A

HTML elements whole have names clearly identify the purpose of the content around which they are wrapped. Examples are and .

60
Q

Non-Semantic Element

A

HTML elements whose names DO NOT clearly identify the purpose of the content around which they are wrapped. Examples are <span> and < div> .</span>

61
Q

Inline Elements

A

HTML elements that present in a line when renders (displayed in a web browser).

62
Q

Block Elements

A

HTML elements that are stacked when rendered (displayed in a web browser)

63
Q

Generic Content Wrappers

A

Elements that exist to facilitate the styling of content. As elements, they don’t contribute anything by themselves; they need CSS to be useful. Examples are <div> </div>

64
Q

Content ( of an HTML element)

A

The text, images, another items that are contained within an HTML element (think CSS box model).

65
Q

Padding ( of an HTML element)

A

the area outside of the content.

66
Q

Border (of an HTML)

A

The line between the padding and the margin.

67
Q

Margin ( of an HTML element)

A

the area outside the border that separates the element form other elements on the page.

68
Q

Sitemap

A

also called a user flow. It Is a diagram that illustrates the primary and alternate paths your users can take through your website, based on their goals.

69
Q

Navigation Bar

A

A section on a website that links to other parts of the site.

70
Q
A

An HTML element used to define a set of navigation links.

71
Q

float

A

A CSS property that moves an element horizontally, allowing other elements to wrap around it or share the same horizontal space.

72
Q

clear

A

A CSS property used to move an element below a floated element.

73
Q

Pseudocode

A

A technique that lets you write out your program in simple, step-by-step instructions using plain English rather than a programming language.

74
Q

Comments

A

Programmer notes in code (the computer ignores them). You can write multi-line or single-line comments.

75
Q

Variable

A

A data container with a given name. The data within can be refferred to in the code by naming the container. To announce a variable, use the keyword var and declare a variable name next to it.

76
Q

Data Type

A

A classification identifying one or various types of data that determines the possible values for that type; the operations that can be performed on values of that type; the meaning of the data, and the way values of that type can be stored.

77
Q

Numeric (Data Type)

A

Data made up of numbers.

78
Q

String (Data Type)

A

Data that consist of letters and/or other characters.

79
Q

Boolean (Data Type)

A

Data consisting of true or false values.

80
Q

typeof

A

A command that returns a string telling us which type of data we’re seeing.

81
Q

Integers

A

Whole numbers

82
Q

Floats

A

Decimals

83
Q

Expressions

A

A collection of values (12345) and operators (like + or x).

84
Q

Evaluation

A

The process of reducing an expression down to a single value.

85
Q

Modulus Operator

A

an arithmetic operator that shows the remainder of a division problem; represented as a precent sign (%).

86
Q

To Concatenate

A

To combine strings together

87
Q

Assignment Operators

A

(=, +=, -+)

Operators used to assign value, add value, or subtract value from a variable.

88
Q

Control Flow

A

The order in which a program’s statements, instructions or function calls are evaluated or carried out.

89
Q

Comparison Operators

A

(,<=,>=,) Operators that compare two values against one another and return a Boolean value - either true or false.

90
Q

Equality Operators

A

(===, !==)

Operators that check to see whether two values are the Sams as, or equal to, one another.

91
Q

Falsey

A

Something is “falsey” when it can be coerced into the Boolean value “false.” The falsey category of values includes:

  • False
  • 0 (zero)
  • ”” (empty string)
  • nul
  • undefined
  • NaN ( a special number value meaning “Not a Number)
92
Q

Truthy

A

Something is “truthy” when it can be coerced into the Boolean value “true.” In JavaScript, truthy values include:

  • “abc” (any non-empty string)
  • -1, 1, 2.5 (any non-zero number)
  • true
93
Q

Conditions

A

Statements that make comparisons that evaluate to true or false in order to control the flow of a program.

94
Q

Switch Statement

A

A statement used to perform different actions based on different conditions. It’s replacement for it…else statements when code gets long and nested.

95
Q

Ternary Statement

A

A one-line shorthand for an if..else statement. Similar to an if.. else statement, it evaluates a condition and then returns one or two results based on whether the condition is true or false.

96
Q

Array

A

A data structure consisting of a list of values contained within brackets and separated by commas. Arrays allow us to:

  • Reorder elements
  • Identifiy the value of one element in a list by specifying its position.
  • Go through the list item-by-item and manipulate each element
97
Q

Element

A

A value within an array

98
Q

Index

A

A number that ells us the position in the array where a given element can be found.

99
Q

Collection

A

A groups of values. An example of a collection is an array. One of the most useful things about collections (and arrays in particular) is that we structure our code correctly, we can repeat the same operation on each value within a collection.

100
Q

Iteration

A

The process of performing an action over and over again in a loop for each element in a set.

101
Q

Loop

A

An instruction that tells your program to repeat an action.

102
Q

While Loop

A

A condition that will continue to run a block or code and over again until the condition becomes false.

103
Q

For Loop

A

A condition that loops through a block of code a specified number. of times.

104
Q

DRY Code

A

“Don’t Repeat Yourself”

A best practice in software development that aims at writing clean code with minimal repetition.

105
Q

Function

A

A relationship between a set of inputs and a set of outputs. In JavaScript, a function can be:

  1. Made up either a single reusable statement or a group of reusable statements.
  2. Called from anywhere in a program, which prevents the statements inside a function from having to be written over and over again.
106
Q

Function Parameter

A

A name listed in a function definition.

107
Q

function Argument

A

Values provided when a function is called.

108
Q

Scope

A

The range of wire a variable can be used within your code. Scope can be local or global.

109
Q

Global Variable

A

A variable declared outside of a function. All scripts and functions on a web page can access it.

110
Q

Local Variable

A

A variable that’s inside a function. A local variable cannot be referenced outside of that function, which means it cannot be called or used outside of the brackets in which it’s contained.

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