Intro to professional nursing Flashcards
Who made significant contributions to the nursing care of soldiers during the Crimean War?
Florence Nightingale contributed to the nursing care of soldiers in the Crimean war.
Who developed the theory of self-care needs?
Dorothea Orem
Who was the first American trained nurse? and who was the first African American trained nurse?
Linda Richards and Mary Mahoney
The nurse best performs health promotion by what activity?
preventing accidents in the home; health promotion focuses on maintaining normal status w/o consideration of diseases.
A nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple complex nursing care demands is in which stage of Benner’s nursing expertise?
The competent nurse has some experience, which allows coordination of multiple complex nursing care demands that can be managed independently.
Nurses anticipate which social force will be most likely to significantly impact the future supply and demand for nurses?
Aging will impact the supply and demand for nurses. The aging population increases demand while retiring nurses and nurse faculty will impact supply.
The nurse is undergoing continuing education by doing what?
Continuing education refers to formalized experiences designed to enlarge the knowledge or skills of practitioners. Ex: completing a workshop on ethical aspects of nursing.
The nurse, when critiquing a published nursing research article, is responsible for doing what?
Evaluate whether the findings are applicable to the nurse’s specific clients. Since the primary purpose of research is to improve the quality of client care, the nurse should determine if published research results are applicable to the nurses specific client population. Public studies have flawed designs, data collection. or analysis.
“A group of related ideas or statements” is best defined by what?
Conceptual framework
A belief system
philosophy
A supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon is a:
Theory
A pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world is:
Paradigm
An 85 year old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, “because the doctor was so insistent, I signed the papers to e part of that research study. I was afraid he would not continue taking care of me if I didn’t agree. He seemed so excited about this project.” Which right of the client was violated?
The right of self-determination means that subjects feel free of constraints, coercion, or any undue influence to participate in a study. There is no information given to indicate other rights have been violated.
What provides a good explanation for describing nursing as a practice discipline?
Nursing focuses on performing the professional role; practice disciplines are fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a professional role.
Person, environment, health, and nursing constitute the metaparadigm for nursing because of what?
They can be utilized in any setting when caring for a client; are relevant when providing care for any client in any setting whether in the hospital, at home, in the community, or elementary school systems. These elements can be used to understand diseases, conduct and apply research, develop nursing theories, as well as implement the nursing process which is one part of the metaparadigm.
Scope of nursing practice?
Promotion, prevention, restoration, and caring of the dying
Professionalism
set of attributes, way of life- maintaining a specific character, spirit, or methods
Characteristics of nursing:
confidentiality, integrity, professional commitment, critical thinking, compassionate, and assessment
3 essential components of professional nursing:
Care, cure, and coordination
4 major concepts central to nursing theory:
person, environment, health, and nursing
Self-care/self-care deficit model theorist:
Orem
Florence nightingale “Lady with the lamp”
founder of nursing, nursing education, first scientist-theorist, upper british family, felt her mission in life was among the sick, Crimean war, demonstrated effective public health measures, died of Crimean fever
Achievements and contributions of Florence Nightingale:
Established nursing, first scientist and theorist, statistican and researcher, advocated broad-based education, model for nursing education programs
Clara Barton
established American Red Cross, persuaded the Geneva convention to include humanitarian efforts in peace time.
Dorothea Dix
Unions supervisor of nurses in civil war army hospitals, responsible for recruitment of nurses, and supervised nursing care of all women nurses working in army hospitals
World War II:
created acute shortage of nurses, “practical” nurses, aids, technicians, medical specialties developed
Vietnam:
90% of 11,000 American military women stationed in Vietnam were nurses, most volunteered immediately after graduation, and youngest medical services group in war
Linda Richards
American first trained nurse, graduated from New England Hospital for women and children (1873), Introduced nursing notes and doctors orders, and initiated nursing uniforms
Mary Mahoney:
first African American nurse, graduated from new England hospital for women and children (1879)
Lavinia Dock
political activist, protest movements for womens right to vote, and legislation for nurses control their own profession
Clara Maas
volunteered as contract nurse in Spanish American war, volunteered to be test subject for yellow fever research, died at 25 from yellow fever after 2nd exposure, and only nurse on postage stamp
Margaret Sanger
public health nurse in new York, imprisoned for opening first birth control information clinic in 1916, and considered founder of planned parenthood
Mary Breckinridge:
Established frontier nursing service, began one of first mid-wifery schools in Kentucky
Flexner report: criteria for professional status:
1910
Articulation arrangements “transfer of academic credits”:
1991
Beebe school of nursing established:
1921
First graduating class of 2 students:
1925
First male student; modular building with classroom, office space:
1974
NLN accreditation:
1977
2 year curriculum begun:
1999
Advanced practice nurse roles:
CNS- clinical nurse specialist, NP- nurse practitioner, CNM- nurse midwife, CRNA- nurse anesthetist
Research/evidence based practice:
foundation for professional nursing, enhance knowledge and improve client care
Benner’s Stage of nursing expertise:
Novice (student/GN), advanced beginner, competent (2-3yrs), Proficient (3-5yrs), and expert (5-10yrs)
DRGs:
diagnostic related groups- established pretreatment diagnosis billing, est. by government
3 leading causes of death and disability:
CAD, Cancer, CVA all preventable
HIPAA
health insurance portability and accountability act 1996
criteria for a professional
specialized knowledge, improves techniques of education and service through research, specialized education, applies knowledge in practical services, functions autonomously, exalts service about personal gain, and strives to compensate practitioners.
code of ethics:
formal statement of a group ideals and values
Service orientation/ altruism
service to others, selfless concern
specialized education/ Body of knowledge:
important and fundamental to safe care
Research:
practice based on scientific knowledge
Nursing autonomy:
independent, accountable for own actions professionally and legally
Caregiver:
restore physical, psychological and social well being
Comforter and counselor:
recognizing feelings and needs and helps to deal with them
communicator
collect and convey information
decision maker
nursing process, planning, collaboration
protector and advocate
provides safe environment
manager
multidiscinplinary, continuity of care
role depends on
patient needs, nurse education, nurse experience, employment role
characteristics of optimal service
access, cost, quality
types of services
health promotion, illness prevention, diagnosis/treatment, rehabilitation
team nursing
RN leads team, delegation of tasks
Primary nursing
RN responsible for overseeing care of clients 24/7
3 gradations of criminal acts
offenses, misdemeanors, and felonies
Two types of law:
public/criminal law and civil/private law
civil/private law:
civil refers to citizen, rights of person, governs actions by one individual or corporation against another
2 subdivisions of civil law:
contract and tort law
contract law
govern all legal actions related to the making, keeping, or breaking of legal contracts of any type
Tort
civil wrong committed by a person against another person or his property, either intentional or unintentional
Intentional-tort law
deliberate cause pain or suffering
unintentional-tort law
no intent to do harm= negligence, established standard of care = malpractice
major categories of negligence
failure to: follow standard of care, use equipment in a reasonable manner, communicate, document, assess and monitor, and act as patient advocate
no tort liability for negligence unless the plaintiff is actually damaged:
an injury must occur
medical futility:
keeping people alive that in veg. state; no quality of life
