Intro To Probability + Vocab Flashcards
Population of Interest
The entire group being analyzed
Census
Data collected from everyone in a population (easier depending on population size)
Sample
Smaller group within a population used to make inferences through collecting data
Parameter
Summary of data collected from a population
Statistic
Summary of data collected from a sample
Descriptive statistics
Describes data that has been collected
Inferential statistics
Using a sample of data to infer about the whole population
Data
Any information that has been collected to analyze a population
Variability
Differences in data collected
Random variables
Data collected from individuals chosen at random (good for samples)
Mean
The average of a data Set sound by adding all numbers and dividing by the number of values in a set (balancing point of histogram)
Median
The middle value of a data set when ordered from least to greatest (splits the area of the histogram in half)
Mode
The value that appears most in a data set (Peak of histogram)
Qualitative data (Categorial)
A category or quality that cannot be represented by quantity
Ex:
Eyecolor, hair color, gender, nationality,etc
Quantitative data
Data represented by values where the numbers mean something in relation
Ex:
Age, height, minutes,etc
(Not zip code or jersey number)
Discrete quantitative data
Fixed values that are not decimals or fractions and can be counted (use dot plot)
Not 4.2 cars but yes 9.5 shoe size
Continuous quantitative data
Values that can take on any value or fraction (use histogram)
Ex:
Height, weight, GPA, etc.
Frequency
How often something occurs
Relative frequency
The percent of time something comes up (fraction or decimal) found by dividing frequency by total
Cumulative frequency
The accumulation of the previous relative frequencies found by adding all of the previous relative frequencies to the relative frequency for the current row
Probability
The likelihood that something will occur
Union
This, or that, or both
Intersection
This and that
Conditional
This given that
Mutually exclusive/disjoint
Cannot occur at the same time; The probability is affected by the presence of another
Associated
Occurrences that fail the independents tests; The probability is affected by the presence of another
Independent
The occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other
General addition rule
The probability of two events is the sum of the probability that either will happen minus the probability that both will happen
General multiplication rule
The probability of A happening given that B has occurred
Only works when independent, but can check for independents
