Intro To Probability + Vocab

Question 1

Population of Interest

Answer 1

The entire group being analyzed

Question 2

Census

Answer 2

Data collected from everyone in a population (easier depending on population size)

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

Smaller group within a population used to make inferences through collecting data

Question 4

Parameter

Answer 4

Summary of data collected from a population

Question 5

Statistic

Answer 5

Summary of data collected from a sample

Question 6

Descriptive statistics

Answer 6

Describes data that has been collected

Question 7

Inferential statistics

Answer 7

Using a sample of data to infer about the whole population

Question 8

Data

Answer 8

Any information that has been collected to analyze a population

Question 9

Variability

Answer 9

Differences in data collected

Question 10

Random variables

Answer 10

Data collected from individuals chosen at random (good for samples)

Question 11

Mean

Answer 11

The average of a data Set sound by adding all numbers and dividing by the number of values in a set (balancing point of histogram)

Question 12

Median

Answer 12

The middle value of a data set when ordered from least to greatest (splits the area of the histogram in half)

Question 13

Mode

Answer 13

The value that appears most in a data set (Peak of histogram)

Question 14

Qualitative data (Categorial)

Answer 14

A category or quality that cannot be represented by quantity

Ex:
Eyecolor, hair color, gender, nationality,etc

Question 15

Quantitative data

Answer 15

Data represented by values where the numbers mean something in relation

Ex:
Age, height, minutes,etc

(Not zip code or jersey number)

Question 16

Discrete quantitative data

Answer 16

Fixed values that are not decimals or fractions and can be counted (use dot plot)

Not 4.2 cars but yes 9.5 shoe size

Question 17

Continuous quantitative data

Answer 17

Values that can take on any value or fraction (use histogram)

Ex:
Height, weight, GPA, etc.

Question 18

Frequency

Answer 18

How often something occurs

Question 19

Relative frequency

Answer 19

The percent of time something comes up (fraction or decimal) found by dividing frequency by total

Question 20

Cumulative frequency

Answer 20

The accumulation of the previous relative frequencies found by adding all of the previous relative frequencies to the relative frequency for the current row

Question 21

Probability

Answer 21

The likelihood that something will occur

Question 22

Union

Answer 22

This, or that, or both

Question 23

Intersection

Answer 23

This and that

Question 24

Conditional

Answer 24

This given that

Question 25

Mutually exclusive/disjoint

Answer 25

Cannot occur at the same time; The probability is affected by the presence of another

Question 26

Associated

Answer 26

Occurrences that fail the independents tests; The probability is affected by the presence of another

Question 27

Independent

Answer 27

The occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other

Question 28

General addition rule

Answer 28

The probability of two events is the sum of the probability that either will happen minus the probability that both will happen

Question 29

General multiplication rule

Answer 29

The probability of A happening given that B has occurred

Only works when independent, but can check for independents