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PHRM 849 > Intro to Population Health > Flashcards

Intro to Population Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major issues we are currently facing in healthcare?

A
  • payment/affordability
  • accessibility
  • HC provider shortages
  • burnout
  • miscommunication
  • misinformation
  • quality of HC
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2
Q

Broad Definition of Population Health

A

why are some people healthy and others not

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3
Q

Detailed Definition of Population Health

A

the health outcomes of a GROUP of individuals, including the distribution of outcomes within a group
- analyzes patterns of determinants
- outcomes & quality
- direct policy and research agendas

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4
Q

Who holds responsibility for health improvement?

A

no one in the public or private sector currently has responsibility for overall health improvement
- goals must be set
- outcomes need to be measured
- quality needs to be assessed

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5
Q

Overall health could be quite high if the majority of the population is relatively health - even though a minority of the population is less healthy

A

Overall health could be quite high if the majority of the population is relatively health - even though a minority of the population is less healthy

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6
Q

Examples of Patients in Population Health

A

age
race
urban vs rural
employees
level of health literacy

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7
Q

Interventions across care continuum

A

WATCH

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8
Q

Population Health Goals

A
  • set targets for overall population
  • maintain and improve health of entire population
  • eliminate or reduce deficiencies and disparities between subgroups
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9
Q

Health Services by Family Income

A
  • the poor and near poor income populations had 0% of their targets that were met or exceeded
  • as you increase in income, you increase in the number of targets med/exceeded
  • as you increase in income, you increase in number of targets met/exceeded but you also increase number of targets that got worse

Results: our HC system is better or targeted for higher income populations

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10
Q

How many objectives does Healthy People 2030 contain?

A

355

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11
Q

Healthy People 2030 Objectives

A
  • health conditions
  • health behaviors
  • populations
  • settings and systems
  • SDOH
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12
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A
  • economic stability
  • education access and quality
  • health care access and quality
  • neighborhood and built environment
  • social and community context
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13
Q

What types of groups care about population health and why?

A

Health outcomes are of relevance to policy makers and payers in both the public and private sectors

Why?
- cost
- productivity (healthier, more productive)

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14
Q

Types of Groups in Healthy People 2030

A

adolescents/children/infants
older adults
LGBTQ
men/women
patients & caregivers
disabilities
workforce

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15
Q

Lessons Learned from COVID-19

A
  • impact on the overall population of a pandemic
  • key groups identified that had negative outcomes or were impacted the most
  • impact of using resources efficiently during a pandemic
  • REVEALED PUBLIC HEALTH DEFICIENCIES
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16
Q

Definition of Health

A

defined not simple as a state of being free from disease but as “the capacity of people to adapt to, respond to, and control life’s challenges and changes”

WE HAVE STARTED SHIFTING OUR FOCUS TO SDOH

17
Q

Common View of Healthcare

A

Patient and a Provider
- places patient first

18
Q

Common View of Population Health

A

overall population and large sum of people

19
Q

Potential Conflict of Individual vs Common Good

A
  • the self interest of the individual may be different than that of the common good
  • payers denying certain types of therapy for individual patients because they do not align with the overall population –> PAs
20
Q

What makes examining population health possible?

A

DATA

21
Q

Types of Healthcare Data Important to Population Health

A

CLAIMS DATA
- easy to obtain; standardized; diagnosis codes

Electronic Health Record (inpatient and outpatient info)
- clinical clues; ease of grouping patients

Socioeconomic (easier with social media)
- not frequently linked to EHR

Patient-Generated
- satisfaction surveys; patient reported outcomes

Prescription and Medication Adherence
- EHR and claims data

22
Q

Examples of Population Health Outcomes

A
  • Life Expectancy (major players are diet and sanitation)
  • Mortality (infant & maternal)
  • Premature Death

cost
access
quality of life indicators
quality of care indicators
unhealthy days
% reporting fair/poor health
% reporting mentally unhealhy

23
Q

What country has the lowest life expectancy and why?

A

Africa; caused by a 3rd world country with poor sanitation and diet

United States was relatively good; Canada had the highest life expectancy

24
Q

US Rank in Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality, and Maternal Mortality

A

Rank: 45th

Life Expectancy: 77
Infant Mortality: 5.8
Maternal Mortality: 10

25
Q

What two things caused a decrease in life expectancy in 2020?

A

COVID-19
Opioid overdoses

26
Q

Do males or females have a higher life expectancy?

A

Females

27
Q

Top 5 Causes of Death in 2020

A

Heart Disease
Cancer
COVID-19
Unintentional injuries
Stroke

28
Q

Leading cause of death in children aged 1-19?

A

Firearms
- second were motor vehicles and other injuries

NOT NORMALLY KILLED BY DISEASES OR HEALTH

29
Q

Population Health Conceptual Framework

A
  • policy makers often look at a single sector for a short time period
  • patient advocate groups look at specific diseases
  • NO ONE LOOKS AT OVERALL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT

Why?
- only applying a short term focus and commitment when the majority of population health measures are long term problems

30
Q

Opioid Crisis

A
  • highest rates in KY, OH, WV, PA, DE, MD, CT, RI, MA, NH
  • highest rates with synthetic opioids other than methadone
  • highest rates in 35-44 (middle age)
31
Q

Population vs Public Health

A

Public Health is the critical functions of state and local public health departments such as:
- preventing epidemics
- containing environmental hazards
- encouraging heathly behaviors
MORE TARGETED TO LOW TO NOW RISK PATIENTS

major population health determinants like health care, education, and income remain outside of public health authority and responsibility

current resources provide inadequate support for traditional and emerging public health functions

32
Q

How Indiana compares to US

A

Indiana is much lower in most categories

PHRM 849 (25 decks)

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