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ENSCC 75 - POLLUTION > INTRO TO POLLUTION > Flashcards

INTRO TO POLLUTION Flashcards

1
Q

Any undesirable change in the
physical, chemical or biological
characteristics of any component of
the environment (air, water, soil),
which can cause harmful effects on
various forms of life or property.

A

pollution

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2
Q

The contamination of air, water, or soil by substances that are harmful to living organisms

A

pollution

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3
Q

can occur naturally
or unnaturally

A

pollution

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4
Q

example of naturally occuring causes of pollution

A

volcanic eruption

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5
Q

example of unnaturally occuring causes of pollution

A

spilling of oil and disposal or industrial wastes

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6
Q

2 types of pollution sources

A

point source and non point source

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7
Q

Single, identifiable sources.

A

point source

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8
Q

Dispersed and often difficult to
identify

A

non point source

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9
Q

Can be monitored and controlled
by a permit system.

A

point source

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10
Q

Associated with stormwater or
runoff

A

nonpoint source

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11
Q

Factories, industry, municipal
treatment plants.

A

point source

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12
Q

Chemicals added to the atmosphere by natural events or human activities in high enough concentrations to be harmful.

A

air pollution

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13
Q

when concentrated gases exceed safe limits.

A

air pollution

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14
Q

2 categories of air pollution

A

primary and secondary pollutants

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15
Q

Emitted directly from identifiable source.

A

primary pollutants

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16
Q

Produced in the atmosphere when certain chemical reactions take place among primary pollutants

A

secondary pollutants

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17
Q

Colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas that forms during the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials.

A

carbon monoxide (CO)

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18
Q

Colorless and odorless gas

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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19
Q

Gases produced by the chemical interactions between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature

A

Nitrogen Oxide and Nitric Acid (NOx)

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20
Q

Both ____ and ____ play a role in the formation of photochemical smog

A

NO (95%) ; NO2
(5%)

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21
Q

Gas, colorless and odorless in low concentrations, but with irritating
odor in high concentrations.

A

Sulfur Oxides (SOx)

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22
Q

Causes acid precipitation

A

Sulfur Oxides (SOx)

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23
Q

how many people were fatally exposed to high SOx and smoke concentrations in London (1952)?

A

4,000

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24
Q

In the _____, more than ____ lakes in ______ were found with acidity exceeding the natural limits, and in half of them fish populations had dramatically reduced

A

70s ; 18,000 ; sweden

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25
Q

Consists of a variety of solid particles and liquid droplets small and light enough to remain suspended in the air for long periods.

A

particulate matter

26
Q

Consists of a variety of solid particles and liquid droplets small and light enough to remain suspended in the air for long periods.

A

Particulate Matter

27
Q

colorless and highly reactive gas, is a major ingredient of photochemical
smog.

A

ozone

28
Q

secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such
as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight. Its formation is mainly from the automobile emission

A

ozone

29
Q

most cleanest cities

A

calamba, philippines

30
Q

most polluted regional cities

A

jakarta, indonesia

31
Q

most polluted air in the world (2018)

A

bangladesh

32
Q

Contamination of water bodies (e.g.
lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
groundwater), very often by human
activities.

A

water pollution

33
Q

occurs when pollutants are
discharged directly or indirectly into
water bodies without enough treatment to get rid of harmful compound

A

water pollution

34
Q

Occurs as a result of release of pollutants into the ground
to natural underground water reservoirs known as
aquifers.

A

groundwater pollution

35
Q

Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water (rivers, lakes, lagoons, and oceans), dissolving or mixing physically with the water.

A

surface water pollution

36
Q

process where too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, are added to bodies of water and
can act like fertilizer, causing
excessive growth of algae.

A

nutrient pollution

37
Q

reduces light penetration in stream, clogs gills of fish and aquatic
invertebrates.

A

sediment

38
Q

act as fertilizer for algae & aquatic plants which can cause highly
varying dissolved oxygen levels. At low DO levels, the aquatic life has the potential to be harmed

A

nutrients

39
Q

can impact life and contaminate drinking water supplies

A

toxics

40
Q

indicator of possible viruses present in the system.

A

bacteria pathogens

41
Q

pollutants from agriculture

A

sediment, nutrients, toxics, bactera/pathogens

42
Q

Most polluted river in the world

A

Top 1 - Ganges river (india)
Top 6 - Marilao river (philippines)

43
Q

also known as Mother Ganga, is the holiest river in India for people of the Hindu faith, believing it is the form of the goddess Ganga on Earth.

A

ganges river

44
Q

increase of toxic substance in an organism

A

bioaccumulation

45
Q

biomagnification

A

increase of toxic substance when going along a food chain from lower to higher level

46
Q

in an organism

A

bioaccumulation

47
Q

between trophic levels

A

biomagnification

48
Q

water pollution solutions

A

prevent groundwater contamination
reduce nonpoint runoff
reuse treated wastewater for drinking and irrigation
find substitutes for toxic pollutants
work with nature to treat sewage
practice the three R’s (reduce reuse recycle)
reduce air pollution
reduce poverty
slow population growth

49
Q

occurs when the presence
of toxic chemicals, pollutants or
contaminants in the soil is in high enough concentrations to be of risk to plants, wildlife, humans and the soil

A

soil pollution

50
Q

major causes of soil pollutioin

A

industrial waste
deforestation
excessive use of fertilizers and pesticide
garbage pollution

51
Q

effects of soil pollution

A

climate change, loss of soil fertility, impact on human health

52
Q

how to reduce soil pollution

A

reforestation, controlled farming practices, bioremediation, three R’s, use of biodegradable products, reduce use of pesticides and fertilizeres, use of sanitary landfills

53
Q

pollution goes to

A

air, water, land

54
Q

A mixture of chemicals formed under the influence of sunlight in cities with heavy traffic

A

Photochemical smog

55
Q

most polluted city in the world

A

Gurugram city, India

56
Q

Volatile organic compounds

A

Hydrocarbons

57
Q

Natural underground water reservoirs

A

Aquifers

58
Q

Nutrients pollution

A

Eutrophication

59
Q

Source of carbon monoxide (CO)

A

vehicle exhaust
Burning of forests
Tabaco smoke

60
Q

source of nitrogen oxide and nitric acid (NOx)

A

Automobile engines, fossil fuels, industrial plants

61
Q

Source of carbon dioxide

A

Deforestation
Burning of fossil fuels

62
Q

Source of sulfur dioxide

A

Smelting of sulfide ores
Burning of fossil fuels

ENSCC 75 - POLLUTION (5 decks)

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