Intro to physiology Flashcards
system
something that is bound
homeostasis
maintaining an internal environment. to maintain you must input energy.
ECF
interstitual fluid and plasma
interstitual fluid
tissue fluid. everything but the plasma that’s not inside cells
plasma
fluid contained within blood vessels
homeostatic negative feedback systems entail three components
sensor, control center, effector
integrative physiology
homeostatic regulation of body temp. sensor: thermoreceptors in hypo. control center: hypo. effectors: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, sweat glands
mechanisms of energy transfer
molecular level collisions, heat, work
system trends to state of equilibrium
where energy is at it’s lowest and entropy is high
colligative properties
dependent on the amt of solute particles–boiling point, melting point, osmotic pressure (Osm)
Osmolarity
Osm=molarityxdissociation facotr
Osmosis
net movement of water molecules across a membrane. always toward an area of HIGH solute concentration
osmotic pressure
what helps to drive water towards higher solute concentration
water is always moving from
low–>high solute concentration or Osm
ECF osmolarity maintained by homeostasis
sensor: osmoreceptors. control center: hypothalamus. effectors: kidneys and hypothalamus. Trigger ADH release from Hypo–>retain water
why maintain osmolarity of plasma
to ensure cells stay the same size for optimal operating
potential energy
positional energy between two interacting objects within a system
PE
form of energy in itself. it is a property of a system–meaning that one molecule cannot have PE. Dealing with two different objects in a system that are interacting with each other
cell junctions contribute to
the structure and function of tissues
cutaneous membranes
cover body surfaces
serous membranes
cover organs and line body cavities
mucous membranes
line the lumen of hollow organs that are open to the external environment
simple epithelial membranes are specialized
for selective transport of materials. apical/basolateral movement limited by tight junctions
sodium glucose transporter
lumenal membrane, secondary active transport. Na+ driven glucose symporter
Na+/K+
primary active transport. moves K+ into cell and Na+ out to ECF
Glucose Transporter 2
GLUT 2. Facilitated diffusion. Carrier protein mediated transportation of glucose into ECF from intestinal lumen
connective tissue characterized by
large amounts of extracellular material
types of connective tissue
loose, dense, supportive, fluid
loose connective tissue
dermis
dense connective tissue
tendons and ligaments
supportive connective tissue
cartilage and bone
fluid connective tissue
blood and lymph
extracellular components of connective tissue
fibrous proteins and ground substance
fibrous proteins
extracellular components of connective tissue. fibrous proteins include collagen, elastin, fibronectin
ground substance
extracellular component of connective tissue. ground substance like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). forms a cushion–holds water and forms like a gel substance
skin is an organ that
contains all four types of tissue. skin is a component of the integumentary system
integumentary system
protects you from the outside environment. skin is apart of the integumentary system because it prevents too much loss of moisture from the surface of your body
