intro to physiology

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

branch of biology that deals with the functions and vital processes of living organisms

Question 2

what is homeostasis?

Answer 2

body’s tendency to maintain a steady state with minor variability despite external changes

Question 3

how does the body maintain homeostasis?

Answer 3

the body senses changed in the internal and external environments

Question 4

what is the control system?

Answer 4

1. sensing unit detects and relays information to the integrating center
2. integration center activates the effector system to respond to internal changed
3. The output or response tries to bring environment back to “setpoint”

Question 5

what are the effectors of the body?

Answer 5

muscle (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) or glands (endocrine or exocrine

Question 6

how does the nervous and endocrine system help maintain homeostasis?

Answer 6

1. rapid nerve impulses
2. blood borne hormones

Question 7

what is part of the CNS?

Answer 7

spinal cord and brain

Question 8

what is part of the peripheral N.S

Answer 8

consist of nerves that connect receptors (sensors) and effectors (somatic ns or autonomic -> sympathetic and parasympathetic) (muscles and glands) with the CNS

Question 9

what are the physical forces that cause movement of materials across membranes

Answer 9

concentration, pressure, and electrical charge

Question 10

what are the three general movement of water, ions, and organic molecules across membranes?

Answer 10

passive mechanisms, active transport, engulfment(bulk transport)

Question 11

what is a solvent

Answer 11

component in greatest quantity

Question 12

what is a solute

Answer 12

smaller component usually the one being dissolved

Question 13

what molecules can passively diffuse through the plasma membrane

Answer 13

lipid soluble, uncharged, very small, or assisted by carrier molecule

Question 14

what is Brownian motion

Answer 14

molecules are in constant motion and colliding with each other. these collisions move the molecules from one are to another

Question 15

what are the different parts of Ficks equation that impact diffusion

Answer 15

1. temperature: increased = more diffusion
2. concentration gradient = moves from high -> low
3. solubility
4. molecular weight: small molecules move faster
5. Surface area: more area = higher diffusion
6. distance: thicker membrane = lower diffusion

Question 16

what can diffuse freely through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 16

small, lipid soluble, uncharged molecules

Question 17

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

specific membrane transport protein or transporter enhances the ability of another molecule to diffuse across the cell membrane

Question 18

what is active transport

Answer 18

molecules move against concentration gradient low -> high concentration which requires energy

Question 19

osmosis

Answer 19

“water follows salt”