Intro to Philosophy Quiz

Question 1

Why do we study philosophy #1

Answer 1

We don’t ask big questions

Question 2

Why do we study philosophy #2

Answer 2

We are vulnerable to errors of common sense

Question 3

Why do we study philosophy #3

Answer 3

We are mentally confused

Question 4

4

Answer 4

We have muddled ideas about what makes us happy

Question 5

5

Answer 5

We panic and lose perspective

Question 6

Metaphysics

Answer 6

Branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of reality

Ie. what does it mean to exist?
How are things similar and different?

Question 7

Epistemology

Answer 7

A branch of philosophy that deals with theories of knowledge

Ie. how can we prove to know something?
How do we know when a belief is justified?

Question 8

Ethics

Answer 8

A branch of philosophy that deals with defining right and wrong behaviour

Ie. what is “right” and “wrong” behaviour?
What is the nature of good and evil?

Question 9

Social and political philosophy

Answer 9

A branch of philosophy that deals with the role of the individual and government in society

Ie. what should the rights of the individual be?
How should governments function?

Question 10

Cosmology

Answer 10

Branch that deals with the origin and evolution of the universe

Ie. what is the origin of the universe?
What is the purpose of the universe?

Question 11

Theology

Answer 11

Branch that deals with the nature of God and the divine

Ie. what is the nature of God?
What does God deem to be good and evil?

Question 12

Aesthetics

Answer 12

Branch that deals with the nature of beauty

Ie. what is the nature of beauty
How does one determine good art?

Question 13

Premise

Answer 13

A claim that is the basis of an argument (meant to justify a conclusion)

Question 14

Inference

Answer 14

The process of making a conclusion from the given premises (conclusion is inferred from premises, therefore argument is valid)

Question 15

Syllogism

Answer 15

From Greek “propositions considered together”

Question 16

Deductive argument

Answer 16

General premises —> specific premises (conclusion should be certain or valid)

Question 17

Inductive argument

Answer 17

Specific information —> general statements (arguments should be strong, but cannot be considered true or sound)

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

When the premises are logically connected to the conclusion

Question 19

Soundness

Answer 19

When an argument is true and the form is valid

Question 20

Classical Greece

Answer 20

Prospered through agricultural surplus and wealth from trade = more leisure time to think and debate = pre-Socratic philosophers

Question 21

Pre-Socratic philosophers: Theocentric vs rational ??

Answer 21

Rational

Question 22

First philosopher ?

Answer 22

Thales of Miletus

• all matter created from water since it existed in solid, liquid, and air form

Question 23

Anaximines if Miletus

Answer 23

• all matter created from air

- all water is condensed air and air created earth and fire

Question 24

Heraclitus of Ephesus

Answer 24

• world is characterized by opposites
• world was in constant flux and change
• sensory perceptions are reliable

Question 25

Empedocles of Akragas

Answer 25

• matter = earth wind water and fire

Question 26

Anaximander of Miletus

Answer 26

• all things from the infinite
• all matter and nature ruled by laws
• existence of multiple worlds

Question 27

Pythagoras

Answer 27

c2 = a2 + b2

Metempsychosis- transmigration of souls (immortal and entered new bodies after death)

Question 28

The sophists

Answer 28

Charged money for education
Man can answer all question
Relied on rhetoric (art of persuasive speaking or writing)
Best argument = most persuasive
Persuasiveness sometimes values over truth

Question 29

Sorites paradox

Answer 29

It is impossible to create a heap of sand or a crowd of people because adding one won’t achieve that

—> heap and crowd are vague terms
—> solve by defining what a heap or crowd is

Question 30

Lottery paradox

Answer 30

No ticker will be the winning ticket since one assumes their chances of winning and their friends are nearly impossible

—> we apply low chance of winning to everyone, when there’s in fact a certain winner
—> solve by considering the odds unlikely, but not impossible

Question 31

Zeno’s paradox

Answer 31

Motion is impossible because it requires crossing an infinite number of halfway points

—> measuring distances by unlimited halves is technically possible but impractical
—> solves by measuring distances by equal units