Intro To Philosophy

Question 1

Philosophy means

Answer 1

Love (philo) of wisdom (sophia)

Question 2

2 kinds of wisdom

Answer 2

1. Divine wisdom
2. Human wisdom

Question 3

Major Branches of Philosophy

Answer 3

1. Ethics
2. Aesthetics
3. Epistemology
4. Logic
5. Metaphysics

Question 4

Deals with norms or standards of rights and wrong applicable to human behavior

Answer 4

Ethics

Question 5

Idea of what is beautiful. Deal with standards of beauty

Answer 5

Aesthetics

Question 6

Deals with various problems concerning about knowledge

Answer 6

Epistemology

Question 7

Looks into whether there are rules or principles that govern reasoning

Answer 7

Logic

Question 8

Analyzes whether everything is material, and if life, energy, and mind are their different manifestation

Answer 8

Metaphysics

Question 9

This period is where people had already attempted to explain the origin of things and events or occurrence in nature but not by natural or rational explanation

Answer 9

Pre- philosophical period

Question 10

This is where western philosophy is said to have begun

Answer 10

Ionic colonies of Asia Minor (present turkey)

Question 11

First Greek philosopher and father of Philosopy

Answer 11

Thales of Miletus

Question 12

He is regarded as the first to engage in the inquiry of searching for causes and principles of the natural world and various phenomena without relying on supernatural explanation and divine components

Answer 12

Thales of Miletus

Question 13

First/ ultimate substance of Thales

Answer 13

Earth floats on water

Question 14

He claimed that the universe was formed from boundless (apeiron) which is the first principle (arche) and the substance (stoicheion) of the universe

Answer 14

Anaximander

Question 15

Air as the fundamental element

Answer 15

Anaximander

Question 16

Claimed the “unity of opposites” in characterizing the cosmos and went further to express that to understand these characterizations is to inquire the logos and be able to speak the language of logos

Answer 16

Heraclitus of Ephesus

Question 17

An object law- like principle

Answer 17

Logos

Question 18

Claimed that there is a single God

Answer 18

Xenophanes of Colophon

Question 19

Greek mathematician and philosopher who coined the word “philosophy” and “philosophers”

Answer 19

Pythagoras

Question 20

Believed that cosmos is a structured system ordered by numbers
- The structure can be expressed in a numerical ratio
- Nature can be quantified

Answer 20

Pythagoreans

Question 21

• Self examination
• knowledge through concepts was the true knowledge
  “The unexamined life is not worth living”

Answer 21

Socrates

Question 22

Method of question and answer

Answer 22

Socratic Method

Question 23

• Student of Socrates
• Influenced western philosophy thru his dialogues
• Humanity to seek what is good, what is true and what is beautiful in the intellectual realm, beyod the appearances because the senses are often deceitful

Answer 23

Plato

Question 24

Philosophy means as per Plato

Answer 24

Science of idea or unconditioned basis of phenomena

Question 25

Plato's philosophical ideas

Answer 25

Dialogues

Question 26

Plato's most famous work about his social and political philosophy

Answer 26

The republic

Question 27

- Focused on analyzing on phenomena or experience and probing credible opinion about these experience to arrive adequate proof

Answer 27

Aristotle

Question 28

Human being philosophize because they wonder about the world, and as they do, more things of their experiences appear puzzling

Answer 28

Aristotle

Question 29

- Opposition to the platonic philosophical tradition - He believed in the aim of Philosopy is truth

Answer 29

Aristotle

Question 30

Period where philosophy confluence faith and reason Concerned with proving God's existence

Answer 30

Medieval period

Question 31

Philosophy in Medieval period

Answer 31

Handmaid of theology

Question 32

Directed its inquiry on how reason can be provide proof that God exists.

Answer 32

Scholasticism

Question 33

Attempted to reconcile Greek philosophy and Christian theology

Answer 33

Scholastics

Question 34

Ontological argument for the existence of God in proslogion

Answer 34

St. Anselm

Question 35

Argument by analogy

Answer 35

St. Augustine

Question 36

Summa theologica

Answer 36

St. Thomas Auginas

Question 37

Concerned about problems or issues on knowledge

Answer 37

Modern period

Question 38

Two school of thought

Answer 38

1. Rationalism 2. Empirism

Question 39

Chief source of knowledge is reason rather than experience Source of knowing something is supplied by our mind

Answer 39

Rationalism

Question 40

Rationalists

Answer 40

Rene Descartes Baruch Spinoza Gottfried Leibniz

Question 41

Aside from reason, experience is also a source of knowledge

Answer 41

Empirism

Question 42

"without experience, knowledge is impossible"

Answer 42

John Locke

Question 43

Synthetic a priori knowledge

Answer 43

Kant

Question 44

Form of knowledge is a product of both reason and experience

Answer 44

Priori knowledge

Question 45

Philosophical tradition that dominated western thought in the 20th century

Answer 45

Contemporary period

Question 46

- Dominated English speaking Country - Concentrated in logical analysis - investigated by science (method of verification)

Answer 46

Analytic Tradition

Question 47

- Dominated non-English speaking country - Scientific method is insufficient - Metaphilosophy

Answer 47

Continental tradition

Question 48

Reconstruction of what philosophy is and it's role in understanding knowledge, experience, and reality

Answer 48

Metaphilosophy

Question 49

Looks at all aspects of the given problem or situation

Answer 49

Holistic point of view