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Intro To Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy means

A

Love (philo) of wisdom (sophia)

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2
Q

2 kinds of wisdom

A
  1. Divine wisdom
  2. Human wisdom
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3
Q

Major Branches of Philosophy

A
  1. Ethics
  2. Aesthetics
  3. Epistemology
  4. Logic
  5. Metaphysics
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4
Q

Deals with norms or standards of rights and wrong applicable to human behavior

A

Ethics

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5
Q

Idea of what is beautiful. Deal with standards of beauty

A

Aesthetics

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6
Q

Deals with various problems concerning about knowledge

A

Epistemology

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7
Q

Looks into whether there are rules or principles that govern reasoning

A

Logic

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8
Q

Analyzes whether everything is material, and if life, energy, and mind are their different manifestation

A

Metaphysics

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9
Q

This period is where people had already attempted to explain the origin of things and events or occurrence in nature but not by natural or rational explanation

A

Pre- philosophical period

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10
Q

This is where western philosophy is said to have begun

A

Ionic colonies of Asia Minor (present turkey)

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11
Q

First Greek philosopher and father of Philosopy

A

Thales of Miletus

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12
Q

He is regarded as the first to engage in the inquiry of searching for causes and principles of the natural world and various phenomena without relying on supernatural explanation and divine components

A

Thales of Miletus

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13
Q

First/ ultimate substance of Thales

A

Earth floats on water

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14
Q

He claimed that the universe was formed from boundless (apeiron) which is the first principle (arche) and the substance (stoicheion) of the universe

A

Anaximander

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15
Q

Air as the fundamental element

A

Anaximander

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16
Q

Claimed the “unity of opposites” in characterizing the cosmos and went further to express that to understand these characterizations is to inquire the logos and be able to speak the language of logos

A

Heraclitus of Ephesus

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17
Q

An object law- like principle

A

Logos

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18
Q

Claimed that there is a single God

A

Xenophanes of Colophon

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19
Q

Greek mathematician and philosopher who coined the word “philosophy” and “philosophers”

A

Pythagoras

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20
Q

Believed that cosmos is a structured system ordered by numbers
- The structure can be expressed in a numerical ratio
- Nature can be quantified

A

Pythagoreans

21
Q
  • Self examination
  • knowledge through concepts was the true knowledge
    “The unexamined life is not worth living”
22
Q

Method of question and answer

A

Socratic Method

23
Q
  • Student of Socrates
  • Influenced western philosophy thru his dialogues
  • Humanity to seek what is good, what is true and what is beautiful in the intellectual realm, beyod the appearances because the senses are often deceitful
24
Q

Philosophy means as per Plato

A

Science of idea or unconditioned basis of phenomena

25
Q

Plato’s philosophical ideas

26
Q

Plato’s most famous work about his social and political philosophy

A

The republic

27
Q
  • Focused on analyzing on phenomena or experience and probing credible opinion about these experience to arrive adequate proof
28
Q

Human being philosophize because they wonder about the world, and as they do, more things of their experiences appear puzzling

29
Q
  • Opposition to the platonic philosophical tradition
  • He believed in the aim of Philosopy is truth
30
Q

Period where philosophy confluence faith and reason

Concerned with proving God’s existence

A

Medieval period

31
Q

Philosophy in Medieval period

A

Handmaid of theology

32
Q

Directed its inquiry on how reason can be provide proof that God exists.

A

Scholasticism

33
Q

Attempted to reconcile Greek philosophy and Christian theology

A

Scholastics

34
Q

Ontological argument for the existence of God in proslogion

A

St. Anselm

35
Q

Argument by analogy

A

St. Augustine

36
Q

Summa theologica

A

St. Thomas Auginas

37
Q

Concerned about problems or issues on knowledge

A

Modern period

38
Q

Two school of thought

A
  1. Rationalism
  2. Empirism
39
Q

Chief source of knowledge is reason rather than experience

Source of knowing something is supplied by our mind

A

Rationalism

40
Q

Rationalists

A

Rene Descartes
Baruch Spinoza
Gottfried Leibniz

41
Q

Aside from reason, experience is also a source of knowledge

42
Q

“without experience, knowledge is impossible”

A

John Locke

43
Q

Synthetic a priori knowledge

44
Q

Form of knowledge is a product of both reason and experience

A

Priori knowledge

45
Q

Philosophical tradition that dominated western thought in the 20th century

A

Contemporary period

46
Q
  • Dominated English speaking Country
  • Concentrated in logical analysis
  • investigated by science (method of verification)
A

Analytic Tradition

47
Q
  • Dominated non-English speaking country
  • Scientific method is insufficient
  • Metaphilosophy
A

Continental tradition

48
Q

Reconstruction of what philosophy is and it’s role in understanding knowledge, experience, and reality

A

Metaphilosophy

49
Q

Looks at all aspects of the given problem or situation

A

Holistic point of view

Philosophy (3 decks)

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