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Pharmacology > Intro To Pharmacology > Flashcards

Intro To Pharmacology Flashcards

0
Q

Characteristics of drugs

A

Therapeutic applications
Interactions
Side effects
Mechanisms of action (moa)

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1
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

Pharmacology is the study of drugs; it includes how drugs are administered, where they travel in the body, and the responses they produce in interrelated subject areas such as: anatomy and physiology, chemistry, microbiology, pathophysiology

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2
Q

What do therapeutics and pharmacology have in common?

A

They are both concerned with prevention of disease and treatment of suffering.

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3
Q

What is a drug?

A

A drug is a chemical agent capable of producing a biological response.

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4
Q

What is a medication?

A

A medically therapeutic drug; synthesized in a laboratory, produces biological responses in the body

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5
Q

What are biologics?

A

Naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, and the human body. Examples: hormones, monoclonal antibodies, natural blood products and components, interferon, vaccines

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6
Q

Advantages of prescription drugs

A

Healthcare provider examines the client and orders a specific drug
Amount and frequency of drug is controlled
Instruction on use, interactions and side effects of drug are identified and monitored

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7
Q

Disadvantages of prescription drugs

A

Require a prescription to obtain

Need for healthcare provider appointment/approval

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8
Q

Advantages of OTC drugs

A

No healthcare provider appointment required

Often less expensive than prescription drugs

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9
Q

Disadvantages of OTC drugs

A

Client may choose the wrong drug
Client may not know reactions or interactions
Ineffective treatment may result in progression of disease

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10
Q

What does the Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate do?

A

Regulates biologic drugs
Regulates radiopharmaceuticals
Examples: blood products, vaccines, tissues, organs, and gene therapy products

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11
Q

What does the Natural Health Products Directorate do?

A

Regulates the sale and use of natural health products
Scientists from NHPD conduct a thorough review of the safety and appropriate use of each product before it can be authorized for sale

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12
Q

What is the drug approval process in Canada?

A 
Preclinical studies
Clinical trial application
Clinical trials: phases 1-3
New drug submission
Permit
Monitoring
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13
Q

How are drugs organized?

A

Therapeutic classification

Pharmacological classification

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14
Q

What is the therapeutic classification of drugs?

A

based on what the drug does clinically

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15
Q

What is the pharmacological classification of drugs?

A

Based on how the drug produces its effect - addresses MOA
More specific than therapeutic classification - requires understanding of biochemistry and physiology
Examples: calcium channel blockers, diuretics, vasodilators

16
Q

What are prototype drugs?

A

They serve as models for the drug class that they represent
Are used to compare other drugs in same pharmacological class
Are well researched and understood
Have known action and adverse effects
May not be the most widely prescribed
Newer drugs in the same class may have replaced its use because they: are more effective, have more favourable safety profile, have longer duration of action

17
Q

Drug names (3)

A

Chemical
Generic
Trade

18
Q

What are chemical drug names?

A

Describe physical and chemical properties of a drug
Complicated, difficult to remember and pronounce
Drugs are sometimes classified by a portion of their chemical structure

19
Q

What are trade drug names?

A

Assigned by the company marketing the drug - short and easy to remember
AKA proprietary, product, or brand name
Trade name is capitalized

20
Q

What are generic drug names?

A

Use of generic names increases safety, as they are created to not look or sound like any other drug
Less complicated and easier to remember
Describes active ingredients
Written in lower case

21
Q

What are prescribing restrictions on drugs?

A

National and provincial authorities set out prescribing restrictions on drugs and dictate the level of professional intervention - determines who can write prescriptions for what drugs.

22
Q

What are controlled substances?

A

Drugs that are frequently abused, have a high potential for addiction or dependence (physical or psychological), have restricted use, are placed into one of five schedules.
Dispensed for only specific conditions and disease
Must be labelled with “C” on the outside the container - Prescription drugs have “PR” and narcotics have “N”

23
Q

Which schedule of drugs have highest potential for abuse?

A

Schedule 1 drugs have highest potential for abuse

24
Q

Schedule 1 drugs

A

Available only by prescription and provided by a pharmacist

25
Q

Schedule 2 drugs

A

Obtained in an area with no public access and provided by a pharmacist

26
Q

Schedule 3 drugs

A

Open access in a pharmacy

27
Q

Unscheduled drugs

A

Can be sold anywhere

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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