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pharmaco > intro to pharmaco > Flashcards

intro to pharmaco Flashcards

1
Q

basic terms; study of drugs and their interaction iwth living systems

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

encompasses the physicala chemical properties of drugs incluing theeir bichemical and physilogic effects

A

pharmacology

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3
Q

chemical that can affect living processes

A

drugs

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4
Q

study of drugs in humans + in sick patients as well as healthy individuals/volunteers during new drug development

A

clinical pharmaology

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5
Q

use of drugs to dagnose, prevent, or treat disease;

A

pharcamotherapeutics/therapeutics

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6
Q

medical use of drugs

A

therapeutics

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7
Q

oldest soruce of drug

A

plant

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8
Q

one of the major source of drugs utilizing specific body parts, organs, blood and even bodily secretions

A

animal soruce

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9
Q

metallic minerals in mineral soruces

A

gold, zincm iodine, iron, silver

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10
Q

non metallic soources

A

fluorine, slenium, petroluem

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11
Q

from micrboes/bacteria and their compositions, byproducts,or secretions, fungi, etc.

A

microbiological soruces

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12
Q

chemical produced dervied from naturl sources and checmical structure is manipualted

A

semi-/syntehtic

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13
Q

clevages of dna material

A

recombinant dna

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14
Q

insertion of gentic materials into bacterial cultures

A

recombinat dna

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15
Q

how well a drug elicits the desierd response

A

effectiveness

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16
Q

T/F; law requres all drugs be proven effective prio to market release

A

treu

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17
Q

at which a drug cannot produce any harmful effects

A

safety

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18
Q

T/F: there is a safe drug

A

false

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19
Q

drug only elicit desired response it was prescribed

A

selectivity

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20
Q

amount of drug needed tooproduce an effect

A

potency (strenght)

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21
Q

T/F: drug potency depedns on affinity of drug for recpetor (binding)

A

t

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22
Q

T/F: drug potency does not depends on efficaicy (ability to produce an effect )

A

f

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23
Q

whtehr an intervetion produces the expected results under ideal circumstnaces

A

efficacy

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24
Q

pparameter tht measure the degree of beneficia effect under “real world” clinical settings

A

effectiveness

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25
Q

waht dangerous drugs listed as

A

comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002

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26
Q

supplied only on special DOH prescription form (yelow rx)

A

dangeorus drugs (DD, Rx)

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27
Q

suppled on ordinary prescrition omrs wth S-2 licensed nmber

A

controlled drgus (EDD, Rx)

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28
Q

medicines can only be obtined w/ a valid prescription

A

prescription medication (Rx)

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29
Q

must only be taken by the person from who they are prescried

A

prescription medication (Rx)

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30
Q

can be puchaed from any licensed retailer (superamrket; genral sales drug)

A

non-prescription (Non-Rx)

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31
Q

still some controls in terms of qauntity, strenght, adn age limit

A

non-prescription (Non-Rx)

32
Q

do not require prescription but can only be sold by a pharmacist

A

pharmacy only medication

33
Q

may be stronger preparations of ceratin prescription

A

pharmacy only medications

34
Q

3 factors determining instesity of drug response

A

prescribed; administered; concentration at sites

35
Q

medication error; patietn adherence

A

administration

36
Q

absoprtion, distribution, metabolism, ecretion

A

pharmacokinetics

37
Q

drug-receptor initeracton, pxs functional state, placebo effectss

A

pharmacodynamics

38
Q

degree to which a px follows a treatmetn regimen

A

adherence to drug regimen

39
Q

most common reasons for non-adhernece

A

freuqent dosing, dneial of illness, poor complrehension of benefits of taking drug, cost

40
Q

T/F; children are less liekly than adults to adehre to a treatment regimen

A

t

41
Q

recent/concurrent use of another drug/drugs (drug-drug interaction

A

drug interactions

42
Q

ingestion of food

A

drug-nutrient interactions

43
Q

ingestion o dietary supplement

A

dietary supplemet-drug interaction

44
Q

invovles variation in drug response due to the indiviudals genetic makeup

A

pharmacogentics

45
Q

decrease inn repsonse ot a drug that is used repeatedly

A

tolerance

46
Q

developmetn of the ability to withstand the previously destructive effect of a drug by MO/tumor cells

A

resistance

47
Q

what causes antibiotic resistnace?

A

strains of MOs are no longer killed/inhibited by prevously effective antimicrobial drugs

48
Q

genetic hance resutls from a mutatio/gene acquisition

A

antibiotic resistance

49
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin-reisstance staphylococcus aureus

50
Q

VRE

A

vancomycin-rsistant enterococcus

51
Q

MDR-tB

A

multi-drug rsistance mycobacterium tuberculosis

52
Q

CRE

A

carbapenem-resistent eneterobacteriaceae

53
Q

can affect the treatment of a number of disorders

A

corticosteroid resistance

54
Q

factos of mechinims resistance

A

infections, oxidative stress, alegen exposure, inflamamtion, deffcient vD3, gentic mutations/variations

55
Q

done on living

A

in vivo

56
Q

done on lab dish/test tube

A

in vitro

57
Q

20-100 particiapnts

A

phase 1

58
Q

gather information on drug

A

pahsse 1

59
Q

osberve to ee how the medicine/theray works

A

phase 1

60
Q

may change amount of dose

A

phae 1

61
Q

usually last for several months

A

phase 1

62
Q

300 ppl

A

phase 2

63
Q

obtain prelim data

A

phase 2

64
Q

focus on safety of drug ; eval on short-term adverse effects

A

phase 2

65
Q

lasts from months-2 years

A

phase 2

66
Q

300-3,000 volunters

A

Phase 3

67
Q

check whether durg actally works to therapeutics

A

phase 3

68
Q

1-3 years

A

.phase 3

69
Q

thousands of ppl

A

phase 4

70
Q

diir has been approved by fda

A

phase 4

71
Q

resaerches continue to chefck befits and risks

A

phase 4

72
Q

info on long-term afet, effectivess, andothe rbenefits

A

pphase 4

73
Q

catergorzed based of the soruce of decision

A

product recal

74
Q

one of manufactuers procust when they decided to have their product withdrawn

A

voluntary recal

75
Q

done when eval of PRC shows there is no reasons to beleve tht a health product can be dangeorus

A

mandatory recal

pharmaco (5 decks)

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