Intro. to Pharma. Flashcards
What is the top selling drug in the world right now?
Lipitor: anti cholesterol by Pfizer
What is BI ranked globally among others in the pharmaceutical industry?
15th
How much does the Australian pharmaceutical industry represent in the global market?
1%
Which company in Australia is the top supplier to PBS?
Pfizer -> Astra Zeneca -> Novartis
In what year did BI begin?
1885
What anniversary did BI celebrate in 2010?
125
List 3 main business areas for BI in Australia?
Prescription medicine, Consumer health, Animal health
How many potential compounds need to be screened to have 1 pharmaceutical successfully reach market?
5,000-10,000 potential compounds will result in 5 tested in clinical trials, and 1 of these will make it to market
How long does new research and development of new medicine take?
10-15 years
What is the standard patent for new pharmaceuticals in Australia?
20 years
What is a generic drug?
When a drug patent expires, other company can produce the same drug compound under other brand names.
Why are product patents so important?
It allows the company that discover the molecule to have exclusive right to produce the compound during its time of patent. Therefore allow it to re-coup the R&D cost for discovering the molecule.
Which body is responsible for regulating therapeutic goods including medicines, medical devices, blood and blood products?
TGA: the therapeutical goods administration
What are the schedules common for pharmaceutical industry?
S2: pharmacy medication
S3: over the counter medication
S4: prescription medication
What is the PBS? What does the existence of the PBS mean for patients?
PBS: pharmaceutical benefit scheme
PBS ensures all australian residents as well as eligible temporary residents to have access to necessary and live saving medicine and at an affordable price.
What is dispensing price consists of?
- The manufacturers price (as negotiated by the government and the supplier)
- The whole sale mark up
- The pharmacy mark up
- Dispensing fees
- Any other fees to which the pharmacist is entitled to under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Remuneration Tribunal determination
What is Generic Substitution?
In 1994, national health act allow the pharmacists to substitute a brand name medication to its generic medication equivalent.
What is Brand Price Premium?
When there’s more than 1 brand of the same drug, PBS will subsidize to the lowest price, the difference between the brand name medication to that of the PBS subsidize is the brand price premium.
What is Therapeutic Group Price Premium?
It applies to a group of drugs that have similar safety profile and treatment outcome.
All drugs in this group is deemed to be interchangeable.
Government will subsidize to the lowest price drug in this group.
TGP is the difference between brand drug price to that of the lowest government subsidized price.
Outline how drugs produce an effect within the body?
Drugs product an effect in the body through its interactions with enzymes and receptors.
This is achieved through either stimulating or inhibiting functions of various cells.
List four targets of the drug actions:
- Enzyme
- Receptors
- Ion Channels
- Carriers
What is a reception antagonist ?
Receptor antagonist block receptors and effects of endogenous compounds
What is an enzyme ?
Type of protein that catalyze the chemical reaction of other substances without altering its own state.
What are side effects and how may they be caused?
Side effects are the undesired effect from medication.
This may or may not result from the mechanist of the medication.
