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SBL Week 1 > Intro to Pharm > Flashcards

Intro to Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics is the field of study which regards?

A

Use of medications to treat or prevent disease and manage symptoms

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2
Q

Pharmacogenomics is the field of study which regards the genetic impact on?

A

Drug metabolic processes which affect individual responses to drugs

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3
Q

Pharmacoeconomics is the field of study utilizing scientific and economic methods to?

A

Evaluate and compare value between therapies

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4
Q

Pharmacoepidemiology is the field of study that applies epidemiological principles and methods to study?

A

The uses and effects of medications on large populations

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5
Q

After a lead compound in found in vitro studies, how many years later will it be deemed an Investigational New Drug (IND)?

How many years until it is termed New Drug Application (NDA)?

A

1) 4 years

2) 8-9 years

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6
Q

What are the major reasons for drug therapy failure?

A

1) Medication errors

2) Patient compliance

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7
Q

What is the lag period?

A

The time it takes for the tablet to dissolve in order to begin the absorption process

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8
Q

What is the duration of action?

A

The point between the onset of effect to the point where the drug is inactivated and eliminated

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9
Q

What is the peak effect?

A

Where the patient feels majority of the therapeutic response

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10
Q

What is the Minimum effective concentration (MEC)?

A

The minimum concentration that is required for drug effect

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11
Q

What is the therapeutic window?

A

The range of doses of a drug that provides for safe and effective therapy

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12
Q

The drugs Digoxin, Lithium, and Warfarin all must be carefully given the correct dosage for what reason?

A

They have small therapeutic window

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13
Q

When looking at a dose-response relationship, a medication that is closer to zero in terms of log drug dose is described as?

A

More potent

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14
Q

An effect in which two substances used in combination produce a total effect the same as the sum of the individual effects is known as?

A

Additive effect

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15
Q

An interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug is known as?

A

Synergistic effect

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16
Q

An effect in which a substance that is originally non-toxic but becomes toxic when combined with another substance is known as?

A

Potentiation

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17
Q

Two agonists interacting with different receptors to produce opposite effects is known as?

A

Functional Antagonism

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18
Q

When a drug counters the effect of another resulting in decreased effect is known as?

A

Chemical Antagonism

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19
Q

Metabolism of a chemical is altered and the concentration and duration of the chemical are diminished in an effect known as?

A

Dispositional Antagonism

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20
Q

What makes a drug a pharmaceutical alternative?

A

Same drug but different salts/complexes, or different dosage forms/strengths

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21
Q

What makes a drug a therapeutic equivalence?

A

Must be pharmaceutically equivalent and expected to have same clinical effect and safety profile

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22
Q

How can a drug be determined a bioequivalent?

A

Similar rate and extent of absorption

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23
Q

Drug products that are considered to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products are given what code?

A

A code

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24
Q

Drug products that FDA, at this time, is considered not to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products are given what code?

A

B code

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25
Q

Why is a Rx required for a drug under the Scheduled/Controlled category?

A

For its abuse potential

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26
Q

What is schedule I?

A

No current accepted medical use and has high potential for abuse

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27
Q

What is schedule II?

What is schedule III?

A

1) Drugs with high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to dependence
2) Drugs with a moderate to low potential for dependence

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28
Q

Flunitrazepam, LSD, and PCP fall under which drug scheduling?

A

Schedule I

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29
Q

Meperidine, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, Methylphenidate, and Opiates fall under which drug scheduling?

A

Schedule II

30
Q

What separates schedule II and III?

A

With schedule II there are no refills while schedule III allows a new Rx written after 6 months or 5 refills

31
Q

Tylenol w/codeine, Ketamine, Anabolic Steroids and Testosterone fall under what drug scheduling?

A

Schedule III

32
Q

What does the abbreviation qd mean?

A

Daily

33
Q

What does the abbreviation bid mean?

A

Twice daily

34
Q

What does the abbreviation tid mean?

A

Three times daily

35
Q

What does the abbreviation qid mean?

A

Four times daily

36
Q

What does the abbreviation qod mean?

A

Every other day

37
Q

What does the abbreviation q12h mean?

A

Every 12 hours

38
Q

What does the abbreviation qam mean?

A

Every morning

39
Q

What does the abbreviation qpm mean?

A

Every evening

40
Q

What does the abbreviation qhs mean?

A

Every night at bedtime

41
Q

What does the abbreviation prn mean?

A

As needed

42
Q

What does the abbreviation ac mean?

A

Before meals

43
Q

What does the abbreviation pc mean?

A

After meals

44
Q

What does the abbreviation od mean?

A

Right eye

45
Q

What does the abbreviation os mean?

A

Left eye

46
Q

What does the abbreviation ou mean?

A

Both eyes

47
Q

What does the abbreviation ad mean?

A

Right ear

48
Q

What does the abbreviation as mean?

A

Left ear

49
Q

What does the abbreviation au mean?

A

Both ears

50
Q

What does the abbreviation gtt mean?

A

Drops

51
Q

What does the abbreviation po mean?

A

By mouth

52
Q

What does the abbreviation sl mean?

A

Sublingually

53
Q

What does the abbreviation iv mean?

A

Intravenously

54
Q

What does the abbreviation IM mean?

A

Intramuscularly

55
Q

What does the abbreviation sq mean?

A

Subcutaneously

56
Q

What does the abbreviation pr mean?

A

Per rectum

57
Q

What does the abbreviation NGT mean?

A

Naso-Gastric Tube

58
Q

What does the abbreviation OGT mean?

A

Oro-Gastric Tube

59
Q

What does the abbreviation cap mean?

A

Capsule

60
Q

What does the abbreviation Exlir. mean?

A

Liquid or syrup

61
Q

What does the abbreviation gr mean?

A

Grains - dry weight of med

62
Q

What does the abbreviation hs mean?

A

At bedtime

63
Q

What does the abbreviation qh mean?

A

Every hour

64
Q

What does the abbreviation Sig mean?

A

Patient instructions

65
Q

What does the abbreviation Supp. mean?

A

Med inserted rectally

66
Q

What does the abbreviation agit mean?

A

Shake

67
Q

What does the abbreviation Aq mean?

A

Water

68
Q

What does the abbreviation Aq dest mean?

A

Distilled water

69
Q

What does the abbreviation D5W mean?

A

Dextrose 5% in water

70
Q

What does the abbreviation dil mean?

A

Dissolve dilute

71
Q

What does the abbreviation disp mean?

A

Dispense

72
Q

What is the dosage formula?

A

(D/H) x Q = One dose

D = Doc's order
H = Supply on hand
Q = Form of med (tablet, capsule)

SBL Week 1 (7 decks)

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