Intro to PE and Instruments

Question 1

Gloves should be worn if there is obvious ____, ____ _____, and patient presenting with _____

Answer 1

Gloves should be worn if there is obvious blood, body fluid, and patient presenting with diarrhea.

Question 2

The Five Steps of Hand Hygiene with Hand Washing are?

Answer 2

Wet, Lather, Scrub, Rinse, and Dry

WLSRD**

We Let Sarah Rub D**s

Question 3

You can use alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene unless there is ___, ____ _____, or spore-forming pathogens, such as __ ____.

Answer 3

You can use alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene unless there is dirt, bodily fluids, or spore-forming pathogens, such as C. Diff.

Question 4

The Acronym for applying and removing gloves is _____. This stands for what?

**Go through the motion if it helps!!**

Answer 4

HARPD

Hand Hygiene

Apply Gloves

Remove one glove and hold onto it (Do not touch your own wrist when removing glove)

Pull the cuff over the hand and encase the glove( Go under the cuff and do not touch the outside of he glove)

Dispose in proper container – **Red Bags are for bodily fluids, or potentially infectious debris**

Question 5

The lay term for the steps of a physical exam are Look, Listen, Touch, Smell, and Percussion.. The medical terms are?

What are some recommendations that help?

Answer 5

Inspection, Auscultation, Palpation, Olfaction, and Percussion

**Remember Learn normal and always compare bilaterally if possible**

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the Steps to Using an Opthalmoscope? (10 Steps)

Answer 7

1. Identify the lens slector and select “o”
2. Turn on the light
3. Ask the patient to look over your should - “pick a spot”
4. Look through the aperture
5. Appreach the patient
6. Hand on patient forehead
7. Right eye to examine right eye
8. Start 15 degrees from center laterally
9. Move toward the patient
10. Identify red reflex

Question 8

What are the proper steps in using an Otoscope and what are the differences between >12 months <12 months?

Answer 8

1. Hold the Otoscope in the same hand as the ear you are viewing
2. use your free hand to pull the outer ear gently (up and back >12 months) or (down and back <12 months) **This is to straighten the ear canal and improves visualization**
3. Insert the end of the viewing piece into the ear canal slowly while looking into the otoscope
4. Angle the tip of the viewing piece slightly toward the person’s nose to follow the normal angle of the canal.

Question 9

What can your tuning fork be used for?

Answer 9

Hearing Evaluation and Vibration Sense

Question 10

What is your Reflex Hammer used for?

Answer 10

Deep Tendon Reflex

Question 11

What are the Upper Extremity Deep Tendon Reflexes (UE DTRs)?

Answer 11

1. Biceps (hammer strikes your thumb)
2. Triceps (hammer strikes ligament)
3. Brachioradialis (hammer strikes ligament)

Question 12

What are the Lower Extremity Deep Tendon Reflexes (LE DTRs)?

Answer 12

1. Patellar Reflex
2. Achilles Reflex

Question 13

What are the five vital signs listed in lecture?

Answer 13

1. Blood Pressure
2. Pulse
3. Respiratory Rate
4. Temperature
5. Pain

Question 14

What are the steps to correctly taking a Blood Pressure Measurement?

CPAERV

Answer 14

1. Proper Cuff Selection
2. Palpate Brachial artery and Appropriate cuff placement
3. Arm supported at heart level
4. Estimate BP by palpation (add 30)
5. Repeat BP measurement with auscultation
6. Verbalize results

Question 15

What is the first knocking sound (systolic pressure) referred to?

Answer 15

Korotkoff sound

Question 16

How do blood pressure cuffs work?

Answer 16

The Artery is constricted to stop blood flow.

The Korotkoff sound is when blood begins to seep back through the artery.

The sound stops when the artery is no longer constricted.

Question 17

What can cause a falsely high BP?

Answer 17

1. Brachial artery BELOW heart
2. Cuff too SMALL (narrow)
3. Cuff too LARGE (wide) on a large arm

Question 18

What can cause a falsely low BP?

Answer 18

1. Brachial artery ABOVE heart
2. Cuff too LARGE (wide) on a small arm.

Question 19

What is an Ausculatory Gap?

Answer 19

A gap in sound in a blood pressure reading caused by arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic disease.

Commonly causes an underestimation of systolic blood and an overestimation of diastolic blood pressure

Question 20

How do you appropriately check pulse rate?

Answer 20

1. use index finger
2. Report on pulse (regular/Irregular)
3. Report pulse rate in “per minute”

**30 seconds x 2 or 15 seconds x 4**

Question 21

What are the Pulse Locations? (7)

RDCBAFP

Answer 21

1. Radial artery (MC)
2. Dorsalis pedis artery
3. Carotid artery
4. Brachial artery
5. Abdominal aorta
6. Femoral artery
7. Popliteal artery

Question 22

How do you appropriately measure Respiratory Rate?

Answer 22

1. Don’t call attention to the fact that you are counting breaths
2. Either Look for chest rise and count or LIsten while doing an examination with stethoscope.

**Count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2**

Question 23

What are the Five ways Body Temperature can be taken?

ORAES

Answer 23

1. Orally
2. Rectally
3. Axillary
4. Ear
5. Skin

Question 24

What are the four things we’re looking for in an Osteopathic Strucutral Exam (OSE)

Answer 24

TART!!!

1. Tissue Texture Changes
2. Asymmetry
3. Restriction of Motion
4. Tenderness