Intro to pathology and immunology Flashcards
what is immunology?
what is pathology
define aetiology
define morphology
define pathogenesis
define sequelae
provide an example of common oral-related pathologies
Oral cancer,
Periodontitis
what is the surgical sieve
why is the surgical sieve important
name the four main organs of the immune system
thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen
what are the four main organs of the immune system connected by
lymphatic system
name the two branches of the immune system
innate immunity - first line of defence
adaptive immunity - specific and acquired
what does humeral mean
liquid or fluid
what time frame does the first line of defence work (innate immunity)
1-4 days
what time frame does the 2nd line of defence work (adaptive immunity)
4-10 days
repeat infections met immediately with strong/specific response
what is inflammation
name the 4 stages of inflammation
initiation - response to harmful agents
progression - containment of harmful agents
amplification - modulation of immune response
resolution - healing (acute inflammation) failure to resolve (chronic inflammation)
what are monocytes
circulate in blood as precursors called monocytes
They migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages
what are macrophages
early responders to infection or tissue damage
phagocytose and present antigen
function of mast cells
granulocytes
early responses to infection or tissue damage
- critical when it comes to allergic reactions (best known)
- protect against pathogens (parasitic worms)
function of neutrophils (most important)
- phagocytic granulocytes (combination of mast cells and macrophages)
- circulate in blood and move into tissue when required
- contain numerous granules (intracellular vesicles)
NETS neutrophil extracellular traps - trap microorganisms
NK cells
myeloid origin
Natural killer cells are large with granules
recognise kill abnormal cells.tumours/viral infected cells
‘holding back’ virus infections until adaptive immunity kicks in
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) functions
non-cytotoxic members of NK cell family
ICL1, ICL2,ICL3s
Dendritic cell functions
several types (Langerhans cells)
- antigen presentation (present in epithelium
- Bridging innate and adaptive immunity
- activate T cell and B cells
provide examples of adaptive immune cells
T cells and B cells
where do the T cells mature
Thymus (T)
function of B cells
produce antibodies
