Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Define pathology

A

Scientific study of the structural and functional alterations in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease

**The bridge between basic science and clinical science (helps us understand the underlying mechanisms of diseases)

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2
Q

Define etiology

A

Cause

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3
Q

Define pathogenesis

A

Mechanism/sequence of events leading to disease development (“Physiology behind disease”)

**often dictates the appearance of signs/symptoms and must be understood to develop effective therapy

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4
Q

Define morphology

A

Structural alterations induced in the organs or cells

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5
Q

What are the types of extrinsic etiologies of disease?

A
  • Infectious
  • Iatrogenic (induced by medical care)
  • Nutritional
  • Toxic
  • Physical (trauma)
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6
Q

Define resection

A

Complete removal of disease processes

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7
Q

How does a pathologist approach evaluating tissue microscopically?

A
  1. Types of cells present
    (Pleomorphism= enlarged irregularly shaped nuclei)
  2. Cellularity
  3. Architectural pattern of organ
  4. Necrosis/mitoses present?
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8
Q

What are the main roles of a pathologist?

A
  1. Anatomic pathology
  • Surgical pathology (interpret biopsies and determine treatment)
  • Cytopathology (evaluate cells removed from organs/fluid and diagnose) e.g. pap smear
  • Autopsy
  1. Clinical pathology (hospital blood/fluid tests)
  2. Molecular pathology (evaluate tissue/cells for disease causing mutations or polymorphisms)
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9
Q

What are the layers of blood vessel walls?

A

Innermost

  1. intima; endothelial cells, fibroconnextive and elastic tissue
    (internal elastic lamina if artery)
  2. media; smooth muscle cells and connective tissue
    **capillaries lack media
    (external elastic lamina if artery)
  3. adventitia; collagenous tissue that blends with the connective tissue surrounding the vessel **fat

Outermost

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10
Q

What are the cells/tissues often associated with inflammatory processes?

A

Neutrophils, lympocytes, plasma cells, monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen

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11
Q

What is another name for neutrophil?

A

“Polys” (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

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12
Q

How can you distinguish lymphocytes and plasma cells in HE stain?

A

Both mononuclear, but plasma cells have a more “pushed to the side” nucleus with clearly pink cytoplasm next to it

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13
Q

How can you ID a macrophage? What is its name in tissue?

A

Small peripheral nucleus with abundant foamy cytoplasm… called a histiocyte in tissue

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