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General Histopathology > Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the structural and funcIonal changes in cells, Issues, and organs that underlie disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Aspects of diseases forming the core of pathology (enumerate)

A

– Etiology/Cause
– Pathogenesis/Mechanism of development
– Morphologic changes/structural alterations
– Clinical significance/functional consequences

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3
Q

attempts to explain the “whys” and “wherefrom” of the signs and symptoms manifested by the patients by the use of molecular, microbiologic, immunologic, and morphologic techniques.

A

Pathology

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4
Q

an important factor in detecting Issue changes, especially in the examination of small sections of tissue removed for diagnosis; for this reason real progress in pathology was not made until the 19th cent.

A

Microscope

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5
Q

The development of a diseased or morbid condition.

A

Pathogenesis

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6
Q

A physician who interprets and diagnoses the changes cause by disease in the body.

A

Pathologist

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7
Q

A specialist physician expert in the origin and development of disease and the microscopic analysis of body Issues.

A

Pathologist

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8
Q

A physician who studies all aspects of disease with an emphasis on the nature, causes, and development of abnormal condiIons, as well as the structural and funcIonal changes that result from disease processes

A

Pathologist

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9
Q

The laboratory expert behind the front-line clinical team.

A

Pathologist

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10
Q

An Allied Health Professional who performs diagnostic analysis on human blood, urine, and body fluids such as cerebral spinal fluid, peritoneal, pericardial, and synovial, as well as other specimens such as stool and sputum.

A

Medical technologist

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11
Q

Systematic examination of a cadaver for study or for determining the cause of death.

A

Autopsy

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12
Q

Uses many methodical procedures to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases, for epidemiologic purposes, for establishment of geneIc causes, for family counsel, and for improvement of safety standards for the living.

A

Autopsy

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13
Q

Also called necropsy, postmortem examination.

A

Autopsy

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14
Q

Examination of cells or Issues from a living organism.

A

Biopsy

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15
Q

It is the cause or stimulus that initiates a reaction in a

cell beyond the range of normalcy.

A

Etiology

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16
Q

Three natures of Etiology (enumerate)

A
  • Biological
  • Chemical
  • Physical
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17
Q

It is the evolution of the structural and functional changes in the cells, tissues, organs, and systems into sequential events from inception to the characteristic lesion and manifestations of the disease.

A

Pathogenesis

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18
Q

Structural and biochemical alterations in significant number of cells may result in an abnormal physiology of an organ/ system.

A

Pathophysiology

19
Q

observable deviations from the normal

A

Signs

20
Q

Subjective manifestations felt by a person. Even a trained observer cannot perceive them

A

Symptoms

21
Q

2 Types of Pathology (enumerate)

A

General Pathology and Systemic Pathology

22
Q

Basic reaction of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases

A

General Pathology

23
Q

Specific responses of specialized organs and Issues

A

Systemic Pathology

24
Q

3 Divisions of Pathology (enumerate)

A

I. Gross Pathology & Microscopic Pathology
II. Anatomic Pathology
III. Clinical Pathology

25
Q

The recognition of disease based on ‘‘macroscopic examination’’ of surgical specimens generated at the time of surgery or at autopsy.

A

Gross Pathology

26
Q

The recognition of disease based on ‘‘microscopic examination’’ of surgical specimens generated at the time of surgery or at autopsy.

A

Microscopic Pathology

27
Q

The study of changes in the function, structure, or appearance of organs or Issues, including postmortem examinations and the study of biopsy specimens.

A

Anatomic Pathology

28
Q

3 Kinds of Anatomic Pathology (enumerate)

A

A. Surgical Pathology
B. Autopsy Pathology
C. ExfoliaIve Cytology

29
Q

The pathology of disease processes that are surgically accessible for diagnosis or treatment.

A

Surgical Pathology

30
Q

The study of gross appearance and histology of Issues removed during surgery

A

Surgical Pathology

31
Q

The study of gross appearance and histology of Issues removed following death

A

Autopsy Pathology

32
Q

It involves the external and internal examination of a human body after death.

A

Autopsy Pathology

33
Q

A branch of General Cytology which deals with the microscopic study of cells that have been desquamated from the epithelial surfaces

A

Exfoliative Cytology

34
Q

Subjects involved in Clinical Pathology (enumerate)

A

A. Clinical Chemistry (incl. Toxicology)
B. Hematology
C. Blood Banking (incl. Transfusion Medicine)
D. Microbiology
E. Clinical Immunology & Serology

35
Q

The branch of general pathology directed to the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases through the examination of blood, body fluids, secretions, and Issue biopsy specimens for chemical, morphological, microbiological, and immunological abnormalities.

A

Clinical Pathology

36
Q
  • *identifies and interprets changes that characterize different diseases or disease states in cells, tissues, and fluids of the body
  • *monitor the metabolic status of paIents under medical therapy
  • *decipher specific markers that characterize individual paIents for purposes such as transfusion or transplantaIon
A

Clinical Pathology

37
Q

• Division of clinical pathology involving biochemical analysis performed on human samples (blood, fluids, Issues) outside the body (in vitro).
**Substances which could be assayed include sugars, lipids, proteins, antibodies, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, metals, electrolytes.

A

Clinical Chemistry

38
Q
  • Involves assessment of the cellular elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) in blood samples.
  • The blood cells may be enumerated, either by manual cell-counting techniques or by automated particle- sensing and sizing instruments.
A

Hematology

39
Q
  • Also called Immunohematology
  • A division of clinical pathology that deals with collection, storage, compatibility and safety of blood and its various components for the purpose of human transfusion.
A

Blood Banking (incl Transfusion Medicine)

40
Q

**Specific tasks include in Blood Banking

A
  1. blood collecIon a\er donor screening
  2. chemical and serologic tests to exclude transmission of infecIve diseases
  3. component preparaIon and proper storage
  4. blood typing, screening for antibodies against red cells and compatibility testing
  5. immunophenotyping of blood cells
  6. investigation into transfusion reactions 7. apheresis & plasmapheresis
    * *a procedure where plasma or platelets can be separated from the withdrawn blood and the formed elements (red cells and platelets).
41
Q

A division of clinical pathology involved in isolation, culture, and identification, of micro-organisms (parasites, fungi, bacteria & viruses) in biological samples.

A

Microbiology

42
Q

The discipline in which infectious diseases are diagnosed by detecting antibodies in serum and other body fluids.

A

Clinical Immunology and Serology

43
Q

Role of a Medical Technologist

A
  • A Medical Technologist’s role in the healthcare process is to provide accurate results in a timely manner.
  • Observe details of cells, ova and cysts of parasitic infections
  • Test wether the blood of the donor is compatible with the blood of patient-recipient
  • Utilize special stains to identify microorganisms.
  • Measure substances in blood and other body substance
  • Reagent preparaIon
  • Collect specimen for study
  • Preparation of specimen
  • Quality control

General Histopathology (1 decks)

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