intro to paracsv Flashcards
This branch of parasitology is concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.
Medical Parasitology
_______________ is a branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.
Tropical Medicine
__________ is the living together of unlike organisms.
Symbiosis
A symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.
Commensalism
A symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system.
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.
Parasitism
TRUE or FALSE: The presence of an endoparasite is called an infestation.
FALSE.The presence of an endoparasite is called an INFECTION. While the presence of an ectoparasite is called an INFESTATION.
A parasite is considered ________ when it is found in an organ which is not its usual habitat.
Erratic
Most parasites are ___________ in that they need a host at some stage of their cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species.A. Obligate parasitesB. Facultative parasites
A. Obligate parasites
TRUE or FALSE: A facultative parasite may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.
TRUE
A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live.A. Facultative parasiteB. Obligate parasiteC. Permanent parasiteD. Accidental parasite
D. Accidental parasite
A free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.A. Facultative parasiteB. Obligate parasiteC. Spurious parasiteD. Accidental parasite
C. Spurious parasite
The ________ host is on which the parasite attains sexual maturity.
Definitive or Final
The intermediate host harbors which stage of the parasite?
Asexual or larval
This type of host is one in which does not develop further to later stages.A. Reservoir hostB. Final hostC. Paratenic hostD. Intermediate host
C. Paratenic host
They allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection.A. Reservoir hostB. Final hostC. Paratenic hostD. Intermediate host
A. Reservoir host
___________ are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another.
Vectors
A ________ vector transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host.
Biologic
TRUE or FALSE: A mechanical or phoretic vector only transports the parasite.
TRUE
A _________ harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms.
Carrier
This describes the period between infection and evidence of symptoms.
Incubation period
The period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and evidence of demonstration of infection.
Pre-patent period or biologic incubation period
The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:A. Cercariae of Schistosoma : SchistosomaiasisB. Triatoma bugs : Trypanosoma cruziC. Bullastra snails : Echinostoma malayanumD. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ disease
D. Toxoplasma : Chagas’ diseaseChagas’ disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
TRUE or FALSE: Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites can cross the placental barrier during pregnancy.
TRUE
The following infective larval stages of these organisms are food-borne EXCEPT:A. Taenia soliumB. Diphyllobothrium latumC. Taenia saginataD. Entamoeba histolytica
D. Entamoeba histolytica
___________ is defined as a permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts. Once this is achieved, continued measures are no longer needed.
Eradication
______________ is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts. Continued intervention or surveillance measures are still required.
Elimination
The following are characteristics of nematodes EXCEPT:A. Elongated and cylindrical in shapeB. Bilaterally symmetricalC. Dioecious D. Have an incomplete digestive tract
D. Have an incomplete digestive tract
The following are considered asphamid worms EXCEPT:A. TrichinellaB. TrichurisC. SecernentiaD. Capillaria
C. Secernentia
The following are correctly paired EXCEPT:A. Ascaris : AscarididaB. Enterobius : OxyuridaC. Stronglyoides : RhabditidaD. None of the above
D. None of the above
The following species of nematodes reside in the small intestines EXCEPT:A. TrichurisB. HookwormsC. StrongyloidesD. Capillaria
A. Trichuris
The following are paired correctly EXCEPT:A. Brugia : lymph nodesB. Angiostrongylus : eyes and meningesC. Trichinella : colonD. Wuchereria : lymph vessels
C. Trichinella : colon
The following statements are correct EXCEPT:A. Flatworms are generally dorso-ventrally flattened with bilateral symmetry.B. Cestodes are not provided with a digestive tract while trematodes have an incomplete one.C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack one.D. Adult tapeworms are hermaphroditic.
C. Trematodes have a circulatory system while Nematodes lack oneBoth Nematodes and Cestodes lack a circulatory system.
TRUE or FALSE: Adult tapeworms are found in the intestines of the definitive host and the larval stage is encysted in the tissues of the intermediate host.
TRUE
The main organ of attachment of the tapeworm to the definitive host.
Scolex
TRUE or FALSE: Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are immature.
FALSE. Segments or proglottids most distal from the neck are gravid segments. Those that are near the neck are immature.
The following characteristics are true for Pseudophyllidean tapeworms EXCEPT:A. Presence of uterine poreB. Operculated eggsC. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckersD. Developed embryo is called coracidium
C. Scolex is globular with four muscular suckers
TRUE or FALSE: Non-operculated Cyclophyllidean eggs are passed out readily containing the hexacanth embryo.
TRUE
The following are paired correctly EXCEPT:A. Taenia : cysticerus typeB. Hymenolepis : cysticercoid typeC. Dipylidium : hyatid typeD. None of the above
C. Dipylidium : hyatid type
Ventral sucker of trematodes are called _________.
Acetabulum
TRUE or FALSE: Trematodes are hermaphroditic.
TRUE
Infective stage for the trematodes is the encysted larva, the _____________.
Metacercaria
The adult Paragonimus is found in which organ parenchyma?
Lungs
They are found in the mesenteric veins hence are called blood flukes.
Adult schistosomes
The simplest technique in stool examination.
Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)
Direct Fecal Smear is used to detect the following EXCEPT:A. Protozoan cystsB. TrohozoitesC. Helminth larvaeD. Helminth eggs
C. Helminth larvae
TRUE or FALSE: Soft, diarrheic and watery stools can be better examined using the Modified Kato Thick Smear.
FALSE
Solution used to dilute the fecal sample on the slide in DFS.
Normal Saline Solution (NSS)
DFS uses how many mg of stool sample?
2 mg
TRUE or FALSE: The Modified Kato Thick Smear is used to detect the presence of helminth eggs in stool samples.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: In Pseudophyllidean worms, eggs encyst as procercoid larvae in intermediate hosts, and turns into plerocercoid larvae in the second intermediate hosts.
TRUE
