Intro to Para Flashcards
Interaction between two species
Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationship where one species is benefited while the other has no effect
Commensalism
Symbiotic relationship where one species feeds on a living host
Parasitic
Symbiotic relationship where two species benefit from each other
Mutualistic
Study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them
Parasitology
Most parasitic infections are found in these environments
Underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries
Type of diseases that are large burdens in rich and poor countries
Type I (Examples include Hepatitis B, measles, cardiovascular diseases, tobacco-related illnesses)
Type of diseases that are a burden in poor countries
Type II (Examples include HIV/AIDS, TB)
Type of diseases that are overwhelmingly/exclusively in poor countries
Type III (Examples include sleeping sickness, river blindness, buruli ulcer, Chagas, leprosy, dengue, leishmaniasis, guinea worm)
Adaptations for Parasitism
- Various penetration glands
- Cyst
- Hooks and suckers for adhesion
- Increased reproductive capacity
- Sense organs are poorly developed
Parasites that can only complete their life cycle with a host
Obligate Parasites
Parasites that can complete their life cycle without a host
Facultative/Free-living Parasites
Parasites that live inside the body of the host
Endoparasite
Parasites that live outside the body of the host
Ectoparasites
Host that it is not the typical host for a parasite
Accidental Host
Host that readily allows a parasite to infect
Permissive Host
The final host in a parasite’s life cycle where the parasite reaches adulthood and reproduces sexually
Definitive Host
The host that harbors a parasite during its asexual development stage. Often required for the parasite to complete its life cycle
Intermediate Host
Host that prevents a parasite from completing its life cycle
Incidental/Dead-End Host
Host in a parasite’s life cycle where the parasite remains alive and infectious but does not undergo any further development
Paratenic/Transport Host
Hosts that harbor a disease-causing parasite but are asymptomatic (long term host)
Reservoir Hosts
Hosts that harbor a disease-causing parasite but are asymptomatic and do not maintain it in the population (temporary host)
Carrier Hosts
Responsible for transmitting
the parasite from one host to
another
Vector
Vectors that spread disease by becoming infected with the pathogen
Biological Vector
Vectors that spread disease by carrying the pathogen on their bodies
Mechanical Vector
Stage when a parasite can infect a host
Infective Stage
Stage when a parasite can be detected using the naked eye or with laboratory methods
Diagnostic Stage
Transmission to humans of parasites normally found in wild and domestic animals
Zoonosis
The cycle between vectors and humans in urban areas
Domestic Cycle/Urban Cycle
The cycle between vectors and humans in natural areas
Sylvatic Cycle
