Intro to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

explain the difference between molecular and structural formulas

Answer 1

molecular formula shows actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
C4 H10 O

structural formula shows atoms carbon by carbon with attached hydrogens and functional groups
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH

Question 2

what is the general formula of an alkane?

Answer 2

Cn H2n+2

Question 3

what is the empirical formula?

Answer 3

simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 4

what is a homologous series?

Answer 4

a group of compounds that contain the same functional group

all represented by same general formula

Question 5

what are structural isomers?

Answer 5

same molecular formula but different structures

Question 6

describe a chain isomer

Answer 6

structural isomer
different arrangement of carbon skeleton
some straight chain some branched

Question 7

describe a positional isomer

Answer 7

structural isomer
same skeleton and atoms attached
atom or group of atoms is attached to different carbon

Question 8

describe a functional group isomer

Answer 8

structural isomer
same atoms arranged into different functional groups
hex-1-ene and cyclohexane

Question 9

what are stereoisomers?

Answer 9

same structural formula but different arrangement around c=c bond

Question 10

E Z isomerism

Answer 10

E is different side

Z is same side either above or below

Question 11

how do you determine which atom gets priority in EZ isomerism?

Answer 11

whichever atom with the highest atomic number gets priority