Intro to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry focuses on carbon and only a few other elements—chiefly, _______, _______, _______.
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
There are ___ known elements.
116
WHY STUDY CARBON?
- Organic compound can be made from inorganic
source. - The sheer number of organic compounds.
- Biochemicals, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), hormones, vitamins, and almost all other important chemicals in living systems are organic compounds.
True or False. In the early days of chemistry, scientists thought organic compounds were those produced by living organisms.
True
True or False. In the early days of chemistry, scientists thought that inorganic compounds were those found in rocks and other nonliving matter.
True
Who disproved the theory that organic compounds were those produced by living organisms, and inorganic compounds were those found in rocks and other nonliving matter?
Friedrich Wöhler in 1828
What organic compound did Friedrich Wöhler found when he heated an aqueous solution of
ammonium chloride and silver cyanate?
urea (can be found from urine)
Whose definition of organic compound is this?
“organic compounds
are those containing carbon”
August Kekulé
Approximately ____ of all known compounds are organic compounds.
85%
True or False. In organic compounds, bonding is almost entirely covalent.
True
True or False. Many of the organic compounds, are solid.
False. Many of the organic compounds, are gases, liquids, or solid.
True or False. Organic compounds are mostly soluble in water.
False. Most are INSOLUBLE.
True or False. Organic compounds, are mostly soluble in organic solvents.
True.
Ex: diethyl ether, toluene, and dichloromethane
True or False. In organic compounds, aqueous solutions don’t conduct electricity.
True
True or False. Almost all organic compounds burn and decompose.
True
True or False. In organic compounds, reactions are quite fast.
False. Reactions are SLOW.
True or False. In organic compounds, reactions are quite fast.
False. Reactions are SLOW.
True or False. Most inorganic compounds have metallic bonds.
False. Most have IONIC BONDS.
True or False. Most inorganic compounds are solids with high melting points.
True
True or False. Many inorganic compounds are soluble in water.
True
True or False. A few inorganic compounds are insoluble in organic solvents.
False. ALMOST ALL are insoluble in organic solvents.
True or False. In inorganic compounds, aqueous solutions form molecules that conduct electricity.
False. They form IONS that conduct electricity.
True or False. Very few inorganic compounds burn.
True
True or False. In inorganic compounds, reactions are very fast.
True
WHERE DO WE OBTAIN ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS?
- Isolation from Nature
2. Synthesis in the Laboratory
3 other important sources
of organic compounds:
- natural gas
- petroleum
- coal
The ________ refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.
octet rule
True or False. The electronic configuration of noble gases is particularly stable.
True
Atoms can form either _____ or _____ bonds to
satisfy the octet rule.
ionic or covalent
In ________ atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas.
ionic bonding
It is the ability of an atom to attract electrons.
Electronegativity
What element is the most electronegative atom and can stabilize excess electron density the best?
Fluorine
This bonding occur between atoms of similar
electronegativity.
Covalent bonds
It is the bonding wherein atoms share valence electrons.
Covalent bonding
The number of valence electrons is equal to the _____ number of the atom.
group
True or False. If the molecule is an ion, electrons are added (when negative) or subtracted (when positive) to give it the proper charge.
True
A ________ is a positive or negative charge on an
individual atom.
formal charge
Formula of the formal charge
Formal Charge = (no. valence e-) – (no. of covalent bonds) – (no. of unshared e-s)
What is the valency of carbon?
Tetravalent
What is the valency of oxygen?
Divalent
What is the valency of hydrogen and halogen?
Monovalent
_______ are different molecules with the same
molecular formula.
Isomers
A theory by which the actual normal state of a molecule is represented not by a single valence-bond structure but by a combination of several alternative distinct structures.
Resonance theory
It is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.
The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model
_________ is a molecular shape that results when there are four bonds and no lone pairs around the central atom in the molecule.
Tetrahedral
A ________ is a molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base.
trigonal pyramid
Molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry or also known as _______
V-shaped
It is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle.
trigonal planar
It is a molecule in which atoms are deployed in a straight line.
Linear molecule
We call the atoms or groups of atoms of an organic molecule that undergo predictable chemical reactions a __________.
functional group
In a trigonal planar structure, what do you call the three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle?
peripheral atoms
