intro to organic chem

Question 1

What is the order of precedence for functional groups?

Answer 1

C=O > -OH > NH2 > C=C

Question 2

What are the types of organic reactions?

hint: pi bonds, water, O/H and 1 more

Answer 2

Addition <-> Elimination
Substitution
Condensation <-> Hydrolysis
Oxidation <-> Reduction
Neutralisation

Question 3

What are the types of constitutional isomers?

Answer 3

Chain isomers
straight vs branched

Positional isomer

Functional group isomers

Question 4

What are the conditions for cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 4

1) restricted rotation due to pi bond
2) different groups attached to the same atom of pi bond

Question 5

Why can’t cycloalkenes with less than 8C exhibit cis-trans isomerism?

Answer 5

due to severe ring strain, making it unstable

Question 6

When does enantiomerism occur?

Answer 6

1) chiral centre
- sp3 carbon
- 4 diff grps
2) no internal plane of symmetry

Question 7

When is a substance optically inactive?

Answer 7

1) no chiral centre
2) racemic mixture - 50% of each enantiomer
3) meso - has chiral centre & plane of symmetry