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Bds4 Oral Med > Intro To Oral Med > Flashcards

Intro To Oral Med Flashcards

1
Q

Describe fordyce spots and where it’s usually located in the oral mucosa

A

Sebaceous glands, yellowish bumps, no associated pathology

Buccal mucosa and lips

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2
Q

Percentage of adults experiencing fordyce spots

A

60-75%

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3
Q

Describe linea alba, it’s histological features and where it usually occurs in the oral mucosa

A

Horizontal, asymptomatic, white lesion

Histologically: hyperkeratosis, prominent or reduced granular layer, Acanthosis

Occurs along the occlusal plane

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4
Q

Geographic tongue is also known as __________or___________

A

Benign migratory glossitis or Erythema migrans

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5
Q

Percentage of population affected with geographic tongue

A

3%

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6
Q

What is geographic tongue? Symptoms if any

A

Loss of filiform papillae, areas of tongue atrophy and hyperkeratinisation

Comes and goes, changes appearance

Can affect other areas of oral mucosa

Asymptomatic: sometimes sensitive to hot and spicy foods and toothpaste

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7
Q

What should a person with geographic tongue do when they experience sensitivity to hot and spicy foods and toothpaste?

A

Avoid trigger foods and use SLS free toothpaste

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8
Q

Describe fissured tongue

A

Variation of normal anatomy, canoccur later in life, commonly presents with geographic tongue

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9
Q

Treatments/ advice for fissured tongue individuals

A

No treatment necessary
Encourage good oral hygiene, light tongue brushing

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10
Q

Describe black hairy tongue

A

Asymptomatic
Hyperplasia of filiform papillae
Buildup of commensal bacteria and food debris
Pigment inducing fungi and bacteria

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11
Q

Treatment/ Management of black hairy tongue

A

Reassure
Stop smoking
Stay hydrated
Light tongue brushing/ exfoliating tongue surface
Eating fresh pineapple

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12
Q

Causes of black hairy tongue

A

Specific cause is unknown, associated with smoking, antibiotics, chlorhexidine mouthwash, poor oral hygiene

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13
Q

Describe desquamative gingivitis

A

Full thickness erythema of Gingiva
Not a diagnosis
Associated with lots of conditions

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14
Q

_______ can exacerbate desquamative gingivitis but not cause it

A

Plaque

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15
Q

Describe bony exostosis, common association, and different names depending on their locations

A

Benign overgrowth of calcified bone associated with parafunction
Can interfere with denture placement, typically painless, may be more prone to ulceration

Palate: Torus palatinus
Mandible: torus mandibularis (linguals typically)
Buccal alveoulus

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16
Q

Describe physiological pigmentation and what conditions to consider

A

Normal, more common in non white ethnicities, due to increased melanin pigmentation, can make diagnosis musical disease more challenging

Consider: Addisons disease, smokers Melanosis, drug related pigmentation

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17
Q

What is pain and what are the 3 types of pain

A

Pain are signals to the brain
Nociceptive pain, inflammatory pain and pathological pain

18
Q

Describe nociceptive pain

A

High threshold pain, putting hand on hot pan, producing a withdrawal reflex

19
Q

Describe inflammatory pain

A

One of the cardinal features of inflammation , for example pain in irreversible pulpties

20
Q

Describe pathological pain

A

Maladaptive due to abnormal functioning nervous system, seem in oral dysarsthesia, often.no cure

21
Q

Approach to pain in oral medicine

A

Taking history (pain, medical, social)
exclude dental pathology ( do examination, radiographs, pulp vitality, joint clinic with restorative dentistry)
Do further investigations ( blood investigations, cranial nerve exam, MRI)

22
Q

Examples of non odontogenic intra oral pain

A

Mucosal:
Ulcers
Lichen planus
Vesiculobullous disorders
Salivary gland pain

Neuropathic pain
Trigemincal neuropathic pain
Persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain
Burning mouth syndrome- oral dysaesthesia

23
Q

Describe burning mouth syndrome

A

Pain/ burning sensation
Altered sensation
Perception of dry or excess saliva
Common on tongue
Normal muscosa
Discompfort as apposed to pain
Doesn’t follow anatomical boundaries

24
Q

Describe trigeminal neuralgia

A

Electric shock like/ shooting/ stabbing pain
Unilateral
Severe 10/10
Short lasting
Episodic
Rarely has concominatpain
May or may not have triggers

25
Q

Management to trigeminal neuralgia

A

Medication: tricyclic antidepressants, anti epileptics
Coping stategies: distraction, meditation, exercise

26
Q

What is an ulcer

A

Breach in mucosa

27
Q

Define oral ulceration

A

Localised defect, where there is destruction of epithelium exposing underlying connective tissue

28
Q

Common causes of oral ulceration

A

Trauma
Metabolic/ nutritional
Allergy/hypersensitivity
Infective
Inflammatory
Immunological
Drug induced
Neoplastic
Idiopathic

29
Q

Describe this lesion

A

Traumatic ulcer
White keratitis borders
Surrounding mucosa normal and ulcer soft

30
Q

Describe apthlous ulcers

A

Most common ulcerative conditions
Painful
Red border, yellow white centre
Affects 20%

31
Q

Types of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

A

Major- > 1cm, long time to heal
Minor: < 1cm, takes 2-3 weeks to heal
herpetiform -multiple small ulcers that may coalesce

32
Q

Similarities and differences between causes of metabolic/ nutritional ulcers in children/ teenagers and adults

A

Children/Teenagers: associated with growth
Adults: GI/ GU pathology

Both may be caused by malnourishment, anemia

33
Q

Blood tests to investigate anaemia

A

FBC, VitB12, Folate, ferritin, coeliac screen

34
Q

Types of inflammatory/ immunological ulcers

A

Behcet’s : Apthous appearance, mouth, skin, genitals, eyes
Necrotising sialometaplasia
lichen planus
Vesicobullous disease
Connective tissue disease: systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma

35
Q

Primary herpes simplex virus infection generally affects children between ______ Years old

A

2 to 5

36
Q

What is primary herpes simplex virus infection associated with?

A

Fever, headache, malaise, dysphagia, cervical lymphadenopathy

37
Q

Describe primary heroes simplex virus infection

A

Short lasting vesicle effective tongue. Lips, buccal, palatial, ginigival mucosa then forming ulceration

38
Q

What causes reactivation of primary varicella zoster infection ( shingles)

A

Immunocompromisation or other acute infection

39
Q

Examples of iatrogenic cause of oral ulcers

A

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, graft versus host disease, drug induced ulceration ( potassium channel blockers, bisphosphonates.NSAIDs, DMARDs

40
Q

Symptoms of neoplastic ulceration

A

Exophytic, rolled borders, raised, hard to touch, non moveable, not always painful, sensory disturbance

41
Q

Local management of oral ulceration

A

Mouthwashes:
Simple
Antiseptic - CHX,hydrogen peroxide, doxycycline
LOCAL ANESTHETIC
-Benzydamine
Steroid- betamethasone

Steroid inhaler: beclomethasone
Onward referral

Bds4 Oral Med (1 decks)

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