Intro to Oral Med Flashcards
What is this condition?
amalgam tattoo
Describe what can be seen histologically in an amalgam tattoo?
black material being taken up by phagocytic cells within tissues
What is an amalgam tattoo?
Blue pigmentation of the gingivae due to amalgam used as a filling material getting into soft tissues + presenting as a pigment
What is this condition?
Geographic tongue
What is this swelling?
Fibroepithelial Polyp
What type of ulcer is this?
apthous ulcer
What is this condition?
Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
How does recurrent HSV present orally?
Lesions occurring inside the mouth
Leads to viral vesicles then ulcers forming in the muosa
What has caused this oral ulceration?
Medication
What is this condition?
Lichen planus
What is lichen planus?
Immunological damage to the oral mucosa caused by lymphocytes in the connective tissue
The damage can cause thickening + thinning of the mucosal surface
What are the red patches?
What are the white patches?
Red patches = thinning
White patches = thickening
What is this condition?
Lichen Planus
(extreme case with areas of ulceration)
Why are conditions of the skin seen in dermatology also sometimes seen within the mouth?
Because the oral mucosa is derived from the same embryological tissue as the skin
name a condition that can appear as itchy areas of skin, hair loss + changes to the nails, that can also be seen affecting the oral mucosa?
Lichen planus
What is this condition?
What causes the redness?
Lichen planus affecting the gingivae
Redness due to thinning of the surface
What is causing the redness of the gingivae?
Redness due to thinning of the surface of the gingivae due to lichen planus
(not due to inflammation!!)
Patient has allergy to foodstuff. What is the condition?
Angio-Oedema
What reaction causes this Angio-Oedema?
How long does the reaction usually last?
Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction
(usually due to foodstuffs)
Usually lasts around 1 hour
What is causing this reaction?
Orofacial Granulomatosis
What causes Orofacial Granulomatosis?
Blockage of the lymphatics due to unknown pathogen
What happens to the fluids within tissues in Orofacial Granulomatosis?
How long can the condition last?
fluids unable to drain from tissues
Lymph nodes become swollen
Can last for weeks / months
What condition is associated with Orofacial Granulomatosis?
Crohn’s disease
What condition can patients with Orofacial Granulomatosis go on to develop?
Crohn’s disease
Name 6 common dietary allergens
- Beznoate + Sorbate
- Cinnamon aldehyde
- Chocolate
- Citrus fruits
- Cheese
- Nickel
After allergy testing, what should you advise patients?
If allergen reactive to certain foodstuffs, advice patients to avoid these to prevent / settle their oral condition
What is this condition?
Erythema Multiforme
What is this condition and what is it an example of
Condition = pemphigoid
Example of a vesiculobullous problem
Describe a pemphiod
Blisters filled with fluid, will rupture to form ulcers in the mouth
Can be very painful
Vesiculobullous problems result in….
formation of large blisters in mouth + on skin
How are vesivulobullous problems (e.g. pemphigoid) treated?
systemic medication
Name 3 medical problems you would liase with rheumatology colleagues for?
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Systemic Sclerosis
How does Systemic Sclerosis affect the body?
Gradual loss of elastic tissue
What issues result from Systemic Scelorosis and how might this be a problem within dentistry?
Problems swallowing due to loss of elasticity making oesophagus unable to stretch around food
Problems opening mouth (elastic tissue of face lost) - affects dental access - therefore tx planned in advance
Why does oral candidiasis occur, what type of treatment / infections may it occur alongside?
Due to a reduced immune system
Can occur during bone marrow transplantation, chemotherapy, HIV
What condition is this patient displaying?
systemic sclerosis
What is this condition?
Oral Candidiasis
Name this neurological condition
Acoustic Neuroma
What is an Acoustic Neuroma?
Cancer which forms on the 8th Cranial Nerve (vestibulocochlear)
What other nerves may experience changes due to an Acoustic Neuroma?
Due to positioning of nerves in the brainstem - the 8th nerve lesion may not present, but changes to the trigeminal or facial nerves may present
what might you expect a patient with Acoustic Neuroma to present with and why?
numbness / weakness of face
due to changes to the trigeminal or facial nerves
(because positioning of nerves in the brainstem - 8th lesion affected by the tumour may not present)
What factors influence how you would assess pain in a patient?
age + communication of patient
Name a condition which causes inflammatory changes within arteries
Temporal Arteritis
What is temporal arteritis
Inflammation within the artery leading to limitation of blood flow to facial tissues
Name two conditions cause changes to the trigeminal autonomic nerves within the face
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Cluster Headaches
What type of pain is associated with trigeminal neuralgia + cluster headaches
severe but short lasting
Name 6 high risk sites for oral cancer
- Floor of mouth
- Lateral border of the tongue
- Retormolar regions
- Soft + hard palate
- Gingivae
- Buccal mucosa
