Intro to Oceanography Flashcards
- The story of the ocean
- Study of the ocean, its surroundings, and life within it
Oceanography
Studies marine organisms’ anatomy, physiology, behavior
Marine Biology
5 recognized oceans:
- Arctic
- Atlantic
- Pacific
- Indian
- Southern Ocean
Deepest and second deepest trench in the world
Mariana Trench (11035 m), Puerto Rico Trench (8605 m)
(Seven) Seas of the world
- Mediterranean Sea
- Dead Sea
- Ross Sea
- South China / West Philippine Sea
- Sea of Japan
- Caribbean Sea
- Mediterranean
- Baltic Sea
- Adriatic Sea
- Black Sea
- Red Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Marmara Sea
- North Sea
Study of how ocean basins were formed, properties of rocks such as magnetism, occurrence of earthquakes
Geological Oceanography
Age of the Ocean Basin
200 Million Years
Are main source of terrigenous sediments.
Rivers
Derived from preexisting rock material
Lithogenous
Transported as dissolved and suspended loads in rivers, waves, longshore currents
Terrigenous Sediments
Calcareous hard parts of invertebrates
Carbonate Sand Grains
How and why ocean currents flow, air-sea interactions such as the generation of waves by wind.
Physical Oceanography
Combination deep ocean currents and surface currents. Starts in the N Atlantic and Antarctic – deep water formations
Surfaces in the Pacific, 1000yrs or so later
Conveyor-belt Circulation
Types of waves (by period):
- Wind waves
- Swell waves
- Tsunamis
Composition of sea water and the processing controlling and altering its composition, including marine pollution
Chemical Oceanography
Essential Macronutrients
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Helium
- Phosphorous
- Sulfur
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Calcium
Organisms that live in the ocean and their relationship to the environment
Biological Oceanography
More than ____? marine species identified, number increasing
250,000
- Independent Swimmers
- Most adult fish and squid
- Marine mammals and reptiles
Nekton
Adaptation to avoid predation:
- Safety in numbers
- School may appear as a large single unit
- ____? maneuvers confuse predator
Schooling
Design and installation of oceanographic instrumentation and vehicles
Ocean Engineering
Deals with Benthic habitat types in optically shallow water(30m or less), chlorophyll concentration, coral bleaching events, water temperature, formation of eddies, El Nino, track global warming, atmospheric ocean wing and waves, sea level heights, measure ice sheet retreat and growth
Satellite Oceanography
Is an interdisciplinary science using methods of, and theories from, physics to study biological systems. It spans all scales of biological organization, from the molecular scale to whole organisms and ecosystems.
Biophysics
A branch of earth science dealing with the physical processes and phenomena occurring especially in the earth and in its vicinity
Geophysics
The science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth’s crust and its oceans.
Geochemistry
The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms.
Biochemistry
