intro to neuroscience

Question 1

what are the 3 main functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

1. takes in info (sensory neurons)
2. integrates this info (interneurons)
3. tells muscles and glands to respond (motor neurons)

Question 2

which neurons travel from periphery to the CNS?

Answer 2

sensory neurons

Question 3

which neurons travel straight from the spinal cord to skeletal muscle

Answer 3

somatic neurons

Question 4

these neurons have a relay point; they go from spinal cord to ganglion, then to smooth or cardiac muscle

Answer 4

autonomic neurons

Question 5

what are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

somatic and autonomic

Question 6

the autonomic nervous system is further divided into what two parts?

Answer 6

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 7

anterior and posterior when used in reference to the brain can also be called?

Answer 7

rostral and caudal

Question 8

what functional unit of the neuron makes it more receptive by increasing its surface area

Answer 8

dendrite

Question 9

the soma is also known as what

Answer 9

the cell body or perikaryon

Question 10

what events occur in the nucleus of a neuron

Answer 10

transcription, replication, DNA repair

Question 11

what is the myelin sheath made out of

Answer 11

schwann cells in PNS

similar to oligodendrocytes in CNS

Question 12

what is the main function of glial cells

Answer 12

they are supporting cells for vascular and neural cells

Question 13

these immune cells formed from monocytes are called ___________ in the CNS and _________ in the PNS

Answer 13

microglial in CNS

macrophages in PNS

Question 14

what are the 4 main types of glial cells

Answer 14

1. astrocytes
2. oligodendrocytes
3. microglia
4. ependymal cells

Question 15

which glial cell is responsible for major immune responses and phagocytosis

Answer 15

microglia

Question 16

which glial cell is responsible for producing and moving cerebrospinal fluid through the brain

Answer 16

ependymal cells

Question 17

which glial cell is responsible for glucose delivery, blood brain barrier, inflammatory response, ATP release, and glutamate recylcling

Answer 17

astrocytes

Question 18

which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the CNS

Answer 18

oligodendrocytes

Question 19

cell bodies and dendrites, unmyleinated axons in CNS are classified as?

Answer 19

gray matter

Question 20

myelinated axons in the CNS are classified as what?

Answer 20

white matter

Question 21

what are cell bodies clustered together in the CNS called

Answer 21

nuclei

Question 22

cell bodies clustered together in the PNS are called?

Answer 22

ganglion

Question 23

axons clustered together in the CNS are _______ while axons clustered in the PNS are _________

Answer 23

tracts

nerves

Question 24

what is the definition of a plexus?

Answer 24

collection of ganglia in PNS