intro to neuroscience Flashcards
what are the 3 main functions of the nervous system
- takes in info (sensory neurons)
- integrates this info (interneurons)
- tells muscles and glands to respond (motor neurons)
which neurons travel from periphery to the CNS?
sensory neurons
which neurons travel straight from the spinal cord to skeletal muscle
somatic neurons
these neurons have a relay point; they go from spinal cord to ganglion, then to smooth or cardiac muscle
autonomic neurons
what are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system?
somatic and autonomic
the autonomic nervous system is further divided into what two parts?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
anterior and posterior when used in reference to the brain can also be called?
rostral and caudal
what functional unit of the neuron makes it more receptive by increasing its surface area
dendrite
the soma is also known as what
the cell body or perikaryon
what events occur in the nucleus of a neuron
transcription, replication, DNA repair
what is the myelin sheath made out of
schwann cells in PNS
similar to oligodendrocytes in CNS
what is the main function of glial cells
they are supporting cells for vascular and neural cells
these immune cells formed from monocytes are called ___________ in the CNS and _________ in the PNS
microglial in CNS
macrophages in PNS
what are the 4 main types of glial cells
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglia
- ependymal cells
which glial cell is responsible for major immune responses and phagocytosis
microglia
which glial cell is responsible for producing and moving cerebrospinal fluid through the brain
ependymal cells
which glial cell is responsible for glucose delivery, blood brain barrier, inflammatory response, ATP release, and glutamate recylcling
astrocytes
which glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
cell bodies and dendrites, unmyleinated axons in CNS are classified as?
gray matter
myelinated axons in the CNS are classified as what?
white matter
what are cell bodies clustered together in the CNS called
nuclei
cell bodies clustered together in the PNS are called?
ganglion
axons clustered together in the CNS are _______ while axons clustered in the PNS are _________
tracts
nerves
what is the definition of a plexus?
collection of ganglia in PNS
