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C&M > Intro to Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Intro to Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

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2
Q

Contralateral

A

Different side of the body

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3
Q

Afferent

A

Going towards

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4
Q

Efferent

A

Going away from

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5
Q

Neurons

A

Most basic functional unit
Convey information via electrical signals
Receive, Integrate, Transmit

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6
Q

3 main parts of neuron

A

Cell body, axon, dendrites

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7
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Sensory neurons

Carry information from receptors to CNS

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8
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Motor neurons

Carry information from CNS to peripheral effectors

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9
Q

Interneurons

A

Link afferents and efferents

Only found in the CNS

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10
Q

Role of dendrites

A

Receive information in order to integrate it into cell body

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11
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Bipolar
Psuedo-unipolar
Multipolar

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12
Q

Bipolar

A

2 processes extending from cell body (axon each side)

Specific sensory - e.g. eye and auditory

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13
Q

Pseudo-unipolar

A

Seems like a bulge of the axon which only has 1 process extending
Information can bypass the cell body
Typically sensory neurons

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14
Q

Multipolar

A

Many processes extending from the cell body

Often motor

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15
Q

Two divisions of nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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16
Q

Two divisions of PNS

A

Somatic and autonomic

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17
Q

Somatic control

A

Control of external actions of skin and muscles

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18
Q

Autonomic control

A

Controls internal activities of organs and glands

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19
Q

Two divisions of autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (relaxation)

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20
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the face

21
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail

22
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the front of the body

23
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back of the body

24
Q

Neural tube

A

First development of nervous system

25
Q

Anatomical sub-divisions of the CNS

A

Cerebrum (with two divisions)
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

26
Q

2 divisions of the cerebrum

A

Telencephalon (outer brain)

Diencephalon (inner brain)

27
Q

3 main parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain (most anterior part of the brainstem)
Pons (anterior bulge)
Medulla oblongata (most caudal part of the brainstem)

28
Q

Poles of the brain

A 
Frontal pole (anterior)
Temporal pole (anterior - inferior)
Occipital pole (posterior)
29
Q

Reason for folds

A

Increased surface area for more cell bodies

30
Q

Gyri and sulci

A

Elevated ridges and grooves respectively

31
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Roughly 1cm in thickness
Acts as a bridge between two hemispheres of the brain
Completely white matter

32
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

Spaces within the CNS that contain fluid

33
Q

Grey matter

A

Nerve cell bodies (therefore unmyelinated)

34
Q

White matter

A

Nerve axons (therefore myelinated)

35
Q

Lissencephaly

A

Smooth brain - lack of gyri and sulci
Leads to motor and sensory problems as well as mental retardation
Will usually die before the age of 10

36
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates the frontal and parietal lobe

37
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

38
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes

39
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Gyrus found just anterior to the central sulcus
Part of frontal lobe
Important for motor control

40
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Gyrus found just posterior to the central sulcus
Part of parietal lobe
Important for sensory processing

41
Q

2 important structures within the diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

42
Q

Number of cranial nerves

43
Q

Three swellings of the neural tube at the rostral end

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

44
Q

Three swellings become five

A

Prosencephalon forms the telencephalon with hemispheres along with the diencephalon
Midbrain is just happy :)
Rhombencephalon becomes metencephalon and myencephalon

45
Q

Myencephalon gives rise too…

46
Q

Metencephalon gives rise to…

A

Pons and cerebellum

47
Q

Telencephalon gives rise to…

A

Cerebral hemispheres

48
Q

Mesencephalon gives rise to…

C&M (6 decks)

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