Intro to Neuro Flashcards
Match: round and oval, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes (subset of glial cells)
astrocytes–>oval
oligodendrocytes–>round
What stain picks up astrocytes?
GFAP
gliofibrillary acidic protein
Describe selective vulnerability in astrocytes
set of neurons sharing 1+ properties responding to an insult (not necessarily located together)
What is the term for neurons that undergo acute neuronal response to injury?
RED neurons, less than 24 hours
earliest morphologic indicator of acute injury
Describe neurons in acute neuronal response to injury
pyknosis (cell body shrinks)
loss of nucleolus and nissl substance–> get fuzzy
intense eosinophilia in cytoplasm
What are some injuries that cause acute neuronal response to injury?
hypoxia
hypoglycemia
trauma
Describe subacute and chronic neuronal response to injury
DEGENERATION, progressive
best indicator of neuronal injury
cell loss and reactive gliosis
apoptosis
can have abnormal protein accumulation–> ALS, Alzheimers
When do you find gliosis?
chronic CNS injury, looks like scar tissue but not
What is the axonal reaction?
increased protein synthesis associated with axonal sprouting
What do neurons look like in an axonal reaction to injury?
enlarged, round cell body
peripheral displacement of nucleus
enlarged nucleolus
central chromatolysis: nissl removed from center of cell to periphery
When do you see central chromatolysis?
axonal reaction to CNS injury
What are neuronal inclusions?
accumulation of substances in neurons d/t injury or infection
What are examples of intranuclear neuronal inclusions?
Herpes–> Cowdry body
CMV–> Owl’s eye (both intranuclear and cytoplasmic)
What are examples of intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions?
lipofuscin, proteins, carb
Rabies–> Negri body
Alzheimers–> neurofibrillary tangles
Parkinson–> Lewy body
CJD–> vacuolization of perikaryon and neuronal processes
Are chromatolysis and neuronal inclusions normal?
YES, normal process when injured
What is the most important histopathologic indicator of CNS injury?
gliosis
What is gliosis
hypertrophy and hyperplasia of astrocytes in response to CNS injury
also can cause gemistocyte formation
What act as metabolic buffers and detoxifiers in the brain, with foot processes contributing to the BBB?
astrocytes
What are bright pink astrocytes with enlarged, vesicular, dislocated nucleus and prominent nucleoli?
gemistocyte
what astrocytes can turn into during gliosis
When do you see Alzheimers 2 astrocytes?
hyperammonemia states (chronic liver disease)
wilson disease
hereditary metabolic urea cycle disorder
Describe Alzheimers 2 astrocytes
in gray matter
very large nucleus and nucleolus with pale staining
intranuclear glycogen droplet
What are 2 examples of reactive astrocytes?
gemistocytes
Alzheimers 2 astrocytes
Gliosis is a common reaction to what common supratentorial tumor of childhood?
craniopharyngioma
Describe craniopharyngioma
benign, slow growing supratentorial tumor
derived from remnants of Rathke’s pouch (ectoderm)
Calcification (can have teeth)
cholesterol crystals found in motor-oil fluid within tumor