Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 2- Neuro/Histo/Embryo/Fisio > Intro To Neuro > Flashcards

Intro To Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Astrocytes

A

Involved in supportive structural and metabolic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Responsible for formation and maintenance of myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Involved in motor of fine and gross body movements

Control of balance and equilibrium

Perception, cognition, emotions

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fluid between the ventricles and the meninges

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell that lines the ventricle and central canal of the spinal cord

Facilitate nutrient transport, remove toxic metabolites

A

Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 domains each with 6 membrane spanning alpha helices

A

Na channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blocke by local anesthetics like lidocaine, procaine and animal toxins (tetrodotoxin)

A

Na+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Some are open at resting potential

A

K+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Often blocked by Tetraethylammonium (TEA)

A

K+ channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Driving force for an ion is calculated:

A

Em-Eion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Que iones pasan a través del receptor NMDA?

Que NT lo activa?

A

Na+ y Ca+

Glutamato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Que iones pasan a traves del receptor AMPA?

Que NT lo activa?

A

Na+ y K+

Glutamato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Receptor important in learning because only permits the entry of
Ca+ when postsynaptic neuron is depolarize by other synaptic inputs

A

NMDA

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glutamate toxicity

A

Large amounts of glutamate activate many NMDA receptors causing excessive Ca+ entry (can be harmful to neurons)

May damage neurons after stoke, epileptic seizure, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Activados por benzodiazepine y barbituratos

Funcion?

A

GABA receptor

Aumentan su actividad inhibidora, funcionan como sedativos y anticonvulsantes

More Cl- influx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Modulatory effect

A

Closing of K+ channels increases membrane input resistance, increasing size of other synaptic inputs and increasing neuronal excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MAO substrates

A

Serotonin, Epi y Norepi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SNRI’s

A

Displace serotonin, dopamine y Norepi from their storage in presynaptic nerve terminals

Ej: amphetamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SSRI and trycyclic Antidepressants

A

Block the re uptake of serotonin leading to increase concentrations of the NT in the synaptic cleft and enhance postsynaptic neuronal activity

Used to treat depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5-HT1B y D agonist

A

Triptans
Drugs useful abortive medication for the treatment of acute migraine

Bind those receptors in cranial vessels wich lead to vasoconstriction and decrease release of neuropeptides involved in “sterile inflammation”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

5-HT1A agonists

A

Buspirone

Use clinically for the treatment of anxiety an depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5-HT3

Agonist or antagonist?

A

Antagonist. Used in the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

Asordansetron y Palonosetron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synthesis of Glutamate

A

From glucose via Krebs cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes glutamate when it binds it’s G-coupled protein receptor?

A

Disminuye cAMP y aumenta IP3 y Ca+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why would you have NMDA and AMPA receptors on the same site at a synapse?

A

Because NMDA is regulated by Mg2+

The activation of AMPA and the depolarization causes the expel of Mg2+ from the NMDA receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Que dos factores necesita NMDA receptor para ser activado?

A

Ademas de Glutamate
1-Glycine
2-expel de Mg2+ por depolarización de la membrana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Some anti epileptic receptor may block what receptors?

A

Glutamate receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ketamine, an anesthesia, blocks what receptor?

Also blocked by PCP (angle dust)

A

NMDA receptor

can cause hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Synthesis of GABA

A

From glutamate by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

GABA receptors of slow transmission

A

Tipo B, metabotropico

1- aumenta K+ postsinaptico

2-disminuye el Ca+ presinaptico

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

GABA receptors of fast transmission

A

Tipo A

Aumenta Cl- channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Baclofen in an agonist of ________ receptor that reduces muscle spasm by increasing inhibition in spinal cord

A

GABAb

33
Q

Hyperekplexia

A

Caused by mutations in GLYCINE receptor
Not enough Cl- passes

Insufficient inhibition in spinal cord and generalized stiffness and excessive startle reflexes

34
Q

Strychnine

A

Antagonist of glycine receptor

Used to kill rodents causing muscular convulsions and asphyxia

35
Q

Tetanus toxin

A

Cleaves vesicle proteins preventing release of Glycine and GABA

Cause muscle rigidity

36
Q

Histamine is produce by _______ and affects _______. It also regulates _________

A

Produced by posterior hypothalamus y afecta el entire CNS

Regulation of arousal

37
Q

Ab block Ach receptors at NMJ in what disease?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

38
Q

This toxin inhibit ACh release at NMJ by cleaving SNARE proteins

A

Botulism toxin

39
Q

Produce the bulk of the CSF and is located within each ventricle

A

Choroid plexus

40
Q

Space in the spinal cord that contains the CSF

A

Subarachnoid space

41
Q

Miniature end plate potential

A

Potential from single vesicle

42
Q

Quantum

A

Amount of Ach of each synaptic vesicle

43
Q

Quantal content

A

Total number of quanta released that cause the action potential

44
Q

Overall control center for de ANS

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors activan qué cascada?

A

Phospholipasa C

Aumentan IP3 y Calcio

46
Q

Betha 1 y 2 adrenergic receptors activan qué cascada?

A

cAMP and PkA

47
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor inhibe que cascada?

A

cAMP

48
Q

Propanolol y metoprolol son antagonistas de qué receptor?

A

B1 adrenergic

49
Q

Unipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglia are derived from____________

A

Neural crest cells

50
Q

Elevated leves of this protein significa un diagnostico de Neural Tube defects

A

Alfafetoprotein (AFP)

51
Q

Tipo de Neural tube defect mas comun en PR

A

Spina Bifida

52
Q

Type of neuron that receive sensory info , integrate and analyze it and stimulate then motor neurons

A

Interneuron

53
Q

Part of the axon where action potential is propagated

A

Axon hillock

54
Q

Type ___neurons have long axons while type ____neurons hace short axons

A

1 & 2 respectively

55
Q

Proteina que lleva vesiculas hacia el soma

A

Dyneina

56
Q

Proteina que lleva vesiculas de forma anterograda (to the periphery)

A

Kinesin

57
Q

Slow transport in neurons is only in what direction

A

Anterograde

58
Q

Part of the axon that is not covered by myelin

A

Axon hillock

59
Q

Type of synapse that contain Gap Junctions that permit movement of ions between neurons. Do not require NT

A

Electrical synapse

60
Q

Complejo que desmantela y recicla el SNARE complex

A

SNAP25

61
Q

Proteina que enlaza Ca+ y reemplaza al SNARE complex en el proceso de exocitosis de vesículas con NTs

A

Synaptotagmin

62
Q

Disease characterized by loss of dopamine secretin cells en Substantia Nigra y Basal Ganclia

A

Parkinson’s disease

63
Q

Type of intermediate filament found in astrocytes

A

GFAP

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

64
Q

Protoplasmic vs fibrous astrocytes

A

Protoplasmic= found in gray matter and have short branching foot processes

Fibrous= found in white matter and have fewer processes but relatively straight (mas largos y flacos)

65
Q

BBB offers free passage of ___________ and other selected molecules

A

Glucose

66
Q

BBB is created by tight junctions between what cells

A

Endothelial cells

67
Q

Gliosis

A

Microglial response to damage. Can include hypertrophy of these cells so it can ve reparative or destructive

68
Q

When stained with heavy metal characterized by a branching cytoplasmic morphology

When normal staining they show a elongated nuclei

A

Microglia

69
Q

Cells that line the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

Function:

A

Ependymal Cells

Absorb CSF

70
Q

Celulas que producen el CSF

A

Choroid Plexus

71
Q

Name the 3 PNS connective tissue in the order they are found from outside of the nerve bulk to the inside

A

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

72
Q

Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1)

A

Grow factor que regula el grosor del myelin sheath

73
Q

Neurons of the Dorsal root ganglia tend to be:

Multipolar
Pseudounipolar

A

Pseudounipolar

74
Q

Satellite cells

A

Analogous of Schwann cells found in the dorsal root ganglia around the neurons present there

Do not form myelin but have insulating properties

75
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

Type of neurons:

Characteristic of their cytoplasm, presence of:

A

Structure that receives the presynaptic axons or neurons within CNS

Neurons are multipolar

Cytoplasm contain lipofucsin

76
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Anterograde degeneration distal to the site of injury of the nerve fiber

77
Q

Traumatic degeneration of a nerve

A

Occurs in the proximal part of the injured nerve. The cell body swells

78
Q

Chromatolysis

A

Nissl bodies desintegration beacause of nerve injury and traumatic degeneration

Exam 2- Neuro/Histo/Embryo/Fisio (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions