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intro to neuro Flashcards

1
Q

pseudo means

A

fake

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2
Q

sensory nuerons in the PNS are _____polar

A

psuedounipolar

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3
Q

list the order of cell parts for bipolar neurons

A

receptor -> axon -> cell body -> axon -> CNS

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4
Q

where are multipolar neurons found

A

throughout CNS

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5
Q

multipolar neurons have _____ dendrites and _____ axon(s)

A

multiple, single

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6
Q

what are the 2 main functions of supporting cells

A

structural support and myelin

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7
Q

2 parts of CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

types of cells in CNS

A

glial cells, microglia, ependymal cells

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9
Q

2 types of glial cells and what do they do

A

oligodendrocytes produce myelin and astrocytes are for structural support

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10
Q

what is a glioma

A

a glial cell brain tumor

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11
Q

what do microglia do

A

they are specialized macrophages that remove damaged neurons and infections

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12
Q

where are ependymal cells found

A

they line the ventricles in brain and central canal of spinal cord

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13
Q

what cells form the choroid plexus

A

ependymal cells

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14
Q

what does the choroid plexus produce

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

what cells produce myelin in the PNS

A

schwann

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16
Q

what is the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes through called?

A

foramen magnum

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17
Q

the meninges are ______ tissue membranes

A

connective

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18
Q

3 layers of meninges from deep to superficial

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

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19
Q

space b/w arachnoid mater and pia mater

A

sub arachnoid space

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20
Q

2 things located in subarachnoid space

A

CSF and arteries

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21
Q

what is the diff b/w the longitudinal fissure and the corpus callosum

A

the fissure separates the 2 hemispheres and the CC is the tissue that holds them together

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22
Q

what is the diff between gyrus and sulcus

A

gyrus = ridge, sulcus = groove

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23
Q

lobes of forebrain

A

frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal

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24
Q

what are the thalamic structures of the forebrain made out of

A

gray matter

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25
3 parts of brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla (top to bottom)
26
where is the cerebellum located
behind pons
27
what are the 2 thalamic structures
thalamus and hypothalamus
28
what do the gray and white matter do?
gray matter is where the brains processing of information occurs and the white matter acts as channels of communication
29
neural tissue is made of ____ and ______
axons and cell bodies
30
most axons surrounded by myelin = ____ matter
white
31
_____ CNS axons, and ____PNS axons are white matter
all, most
32
myelin insulates _____ and speeds up nervous _________
axons, conduction
33
what type of matter is cell bodies
grey
34
in spinal cord, grey matter is in the shape of a ______
butterfly
35
the spinal cord runs from the _____ to the _____
foramen magnum to the L1 vertebrae
36
what part of brainstem is spinal cord continuous with
medulla oblongata
37
3 things that surround spinal cord
meninges, CSF, and bone
38
2 functions of spinal cord
Reflex center for each spinal cord segment AND | Conduction pathway for impulses going to and from the brain
39
_ cervical vertebrae and __ cervical nerves
7,8
40
_ thoracic vertebrae and __ thoracic nerves
12, 12
41
_ lumbar vertebrae and __ lumbar nerves
5,5
42
_ sacral vertebrae and __ sacral nerves
5,5
43
_ coccyx vertebrae and __ coccygeal nerves
3-4, 1
44
subarachnoid space extends to _____ verterbrae
S2 vertebral spinous process
45
where is another name for a lumbar puncture and where does it occur
spinal tap, under the S2 vertebrae
46
pns is divided into ____ and ____ and what does each control
ANS (glands, blood vessels, and organs) , SNS (skeletal muscle)
47
2 parts of ANS and what is each responsible for
sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)
48
2 types of (peripheral) nerves
cranial and spinal
49
another name for axon
nerve fiber
50
what connects spinal nerves to spinal cord
dorsal and ventral root
51
sensory is afferent or efferrent
afferent
52
motor is afferent or efferrent
efferent
53
information enters the spinal nerves through the ____ of the spinal cord and leaves via the _____ of the spinal cord
posterior aspect, anterior aspect
54
which root is the spinal ganglion in
dorsal root
55
spinal ganglion = ____ root
dorsal root
56
SENSORY: cell body is in the ______ MOTOR: cell body is in the ______
1. spinal ganglion/dorsal root | 2. spinal cord/grey matter
57
when spinal nerves exit the spinal cord they may form a ____
plexus, which is a network of nerves
58
a plexus is a ______ of nerves from different levels and forms new nerves that have ______
combination, specific targets or destinations
59
ex. of plexus
median nerve/brachial plexus | C5-8, T1
60
what is a dermatome
an area of skin that is controlled by 1 spinal nerve
61
what is a myotome
a group of muscles that originate from a single spinal nerve
62
are reflex are voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
63
ex. of monosynaptic reflex arcs
knee, ankle
64
stages of polysynaptic reflex arc
receptor, sensory neuron, integration centre, motor neuron, effector
65
in the ANS what is the path of info from spinal cord to effector?
spinal cord, preganglionic neuron, autonomic ganglion, postganglionic neuron, effector
66
is the ANS is the preganglionic neuron myleinated or not myleinated
myleinated
67
is the ANS is the postganglionic neuron myleinated or not myleinated
not myleinated
68
what is the autonomic ganglion in the ANS
AChe
69
what is the post ganglionic neuron in the ANS
Ache or NE
70
path from spinal cord to effector in SNS
spinal cord, somatic motor neuron, effector
71
the dorsal root and ventral root come together to form the _____
spinal nerve
72
the white ramus cammunicans is a channel that brings neurons from the ______ to the _______
spinal nerve, sympathetic ganglion | 4:45 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SH_qb1eaUE4
73
the gray ramus communicans is a channel that brings neurons from the ______ to the _____
sympathetic ganglion, spinal nerve | 4:45 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SH_qb1eaUE4
74
preganglionic fibers may run up or down a chain before ______ and then exiting via a nerve
synpasing, it synapses in the sympathetic ganglion

muscloskeletal (3 decks)

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