Intro To Nervous System

Question 1

What structures are part of the central nervous system

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What structures are part of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 3

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 3

Sends signals to skeletal muscle

Question 4

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 4

Voluntary

Question 5

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 5

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

Question 6

Is this voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 6

Involuntary

Question 7

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 8

What’s the role of the Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

Rest and digest- brings the body back to homeostasis

Question 9

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 9

Fight or flight- brings body away from homeostasis

Question 10

What is a neuron?

Answer 10

A nerve cell, basic building block of the nervous system

Question 11

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 11

cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheathe

Question 12

What does the cell body do?

Answer 12

Process information and contains the nucleus

Question 13

What do dendrites do?

Answer 13

Receive messages from other cells

Question 14

What does the axon do?

Answer 14

Sends messages to other neurons, cells, glands, or muscles

Question 15

What does the myelin sheathe do?

Answer 15

Covers the axon of neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Question 16

What is a synapse?

Answer 16

junction/space between two neurons

Question 17

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 17

Chemical released at synapse

Question 18

What do interneurons do?

Answer 18

connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them

Question 19

How do neurons send signals?

Answer 19

Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite.

Question 20

What type of glial cells provide the myelin sheathe to the central nervous system?

Answer 20

Oligodendrites

Question 21

What type of glial cell removes excess ions amongst other housekeeping duties

Answer 21

Astrocytes

Question 22

Which glial cell helps with the immune response?

Answer 22

Microglia

Question 23

which glial cells support neurons in the CNS?

Answer 23

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia

Question 24

Which glial cells support neurons in the PNS?

Answer 24

Schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 25

What type of glial cells provide myelin to the axons in the PNS?

Answer 25

Schwann Cells

Question 26

What type of glial cells provide the myelin sheathe to the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 26

Schwann

Question 27

What is Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 27

A disease in which the immune system eats away the protective covering of the axon

Question 28

What part of the neuron is affected in MS

Answer 28

myelin sheath

Question 29

What is the definition of a membrane potential?

Answer 29

The difference in charge across a membrane

Question 30

How is a ligand gated channel activated?

Answer 30

Specific for a particular ion and only open in response to a chemical

Question 31

How is a voltage gated channel activated?

Answer 31

Specific for a particular ion and only open in response to an electrical stimulus

Question 32

What is a ligand?

Answer 32

any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule

Question 33

How is a mechanically gated channel activated

Answer 33

specific for a particular ion and only open in response to deformation of membrane

Question 34

How is a leakage gated channel activated?

Answer 34

Opens and closes randomly

Question 35

What is special about the NA/K pump in terms of the concentration gradient of Na and K?

Answer 35

is important in maintaining a rest point, uses ATP to move Na and K against it's concentration gradient

Question 36

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron in mV?

Answer 36

-70 mV

Question 37

How is the resting membrane potential maintained

Answer 37

The sodium potassium pump is constantly pumping 3 Na out and 2 K in

Question 38

Define an action potential

Answer 38

Change in membrane potential overtime

Question 39

What is the trigger for an action potential to start

Answer 39

External stimulus causes other channels to open up letting more ions in, the charge becomes more positive.

Question 40

Describe what happens in terms of the movement of Na+ during depolarization?

Answer 40

Na+ floods into the neurons as the gated sodium channels open

Question 41

What needs to occur exactly for voltage-gated Na+ channels to open?

Answer 41

Depolarization is necessary to open the channel

Question 42

What if ligand-gated Na+ channels opened but the membrane potential only changed from -70mV to -61mV? Would an action potential happen, why or why not?

Answer 42

An action potential would not occur because it has not reached the threshold of -55mV

Question 43

During repolarization, what type of channel opens?

Answer 43

Potassium ion channels

Question 44

What effect does the opening of potassium channels have on the membrane potential?

Answer 44

Repolarizes the membrane potential, making it more negative

Question 45

What is hyperpolarization?

Answer 45

The potassium channels stay open for a little too long, the membrane potential going lower than normal. Another action potential can't occur until it goes back to -70 mV