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AnP Lecture Final > Intro To Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro To Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are part of the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What structures are part of the peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Sends signals to skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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5
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

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6
Q

Is this voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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7
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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8
Q

What’s the role of the Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest- brings the body back to homeostasis

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9
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight- brings body away from homeostasis

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10
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A nerve cell, basic building block of the nervous system

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11
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A

cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheathe

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12
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Process information and contains the nucleus

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13
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive messages from other cells

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14
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Sends messages to other neurons, cells, glands, or muscles

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15
Q

What does the myelin sheathe do?

A

Covers the axon of neurons and helps speed neural impulses

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16
Q

What is a synapse?

A

junction/space between two neurons

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17
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical released at synapse

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18
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them

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19
Q

How do neurons send signals?

A

Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite.

20
Q

What type of glial cells provide the myelin sheathe to the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendrites

21
Q

What type of glial cell removes excess ions amongst other housekeeping duties

A

Astrocytes

22
Q

Which glial cell helps with the immune response?

A

Microglia

23
Q

which glial cells support neurons in the CNS?

A

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia

24
Q

Which glial cells support neurons in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells, satellite cells

25
Q

What type of glial cells provide myelin to the axons in the PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

26
Q

What type of glial cells provide the myelin sheathe to the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann

27
Q

What is Multiple Sclerosis

A

A disease in which the immune system eats away the protective covering of the axon

28
Q

What part of the neuron is affected in MS

A

myelin sheath

29
Q

What is the definition of a membrane potential?

A

The difference in charge across a membrane

30
Q

How is a ligand gated channel activated?

A

Specific for a particular ion and only open in response to a chemical

31
Q

How is a voltage gated channel activated?

A

Specific for a particular ion and only open in response to an electrical stimulus

32
Q

What is a ligand?

A

any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule

33
Q

How is a mechanically gated channel activated

A

specific for a particular ion and only open in response to deformation of membrane

34
Q

How is a leakage gated channel activated?

A

Opens and closes randomly

35
Q

What is special about the NA/K pump in terms of the concentration gradient of Na and K?

A

is important in maintaining a rest point, uses ATP to move Na and K against it’s concentration gradient

36
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron in mV?

A

-70 mV

37
Q

How is the resting membrane potential maintained

A

The sodium potassium pump is constantly pumping 3 Na out and 2 K in

38
Q

Define an action potential

A

Change in membrane potential overtime

39
Q

What is the trigger for an action potential to start

A

External stimulus causes other channels to open up letting more ions in, the charge becomes more positive.

40
Q

Describe what happens in terms of the movement of Na+ during depolarization?

A

Na+ floods into the neurons as the gated sodium channels open

41
Q

What needs to occur exactly for voltage-gated Na+ channels to open?

A

Depolarization is necessary to open the channel

42
Q

What if ligand-gated Na+ channels opened but the membrane potential only changed from -70mV to -61mV? Would an action potential happen, why or why not?

A

An action potential would not occur because it has not reached the threshold of -55mV

43
Q

During repolarization, what type of channel opens?

A

Potassium ion channels

44
Q

What effect does the opening of potassium channels have on the membrane potential?

A

Repolarizes the membrane potential, making it more negative

45
Q

What is hyperpolarization?

A

The potassium channels stay open for a little too long, the membrane potential going lower than normal. Another action potential can’t occur until it goes back to -70 mV

AnP Lecture Final (6 decks)

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